Comprehensive Assessment on Tourism Eco-environment of Gansu Province Based on Spatial Data

The article studies tourism eco-environment of 14 cities of Gangsu Province, China, based on GIS with many kinds of multi-subject spatial database, such as remote sensing data, observation data and literature data. The research results were as follows. First, spatial features of 14 cities＇ tourism eco-environment are displayed with five levels of vulnerability respectively. The vulnerability in Gansu becomes worse from Gannan City, located in southern Gansu to Hexi Corridor which lies in northwestern Gansu. Second, the areas of above the middle vulnerability level make up 75% of the total areas of Gansu Province. Third, more than 70% of high-level human and natural tourism resources are in the areas with high vulnerability eco-environment. Fourth, it is crucial to develop comprehensive tourism industry in order to improve the harmonious development between tourism industry and eco-environment in Gansu Province.     

CO_2 Emission Induced by Urban Household Consumption in China

Household consumption is one of the important factors that induce COL emission. Based on input-output model, this article calculated the intensity of CO2 emission of different income groups and seven provinces in China, and then estimated total CO2 emission induced by urban household consumption from 1995 to 2004 in China based on statistic data of household living expenditure. The results show that CO2 emission per capita induced by household consumption had increased from 1583 to 2498 kg CO2 during 1995-2004. The ratio of consumption-induced CO2 emission to total CO2 emission had risen from 19% to 30% in the past decade. Indirect CO2 emission accounted for an important part of the consumption-induced emission, the ratio of indirect emission to consumption-induced emission had risen from 69% to 79% during the same period. A significant difference in consumption-induced CO2 emission across different income groups and different regions has been observed. COs emission per capita of higher income groups and developed regions increased faster than that of lower income groups and developing regions. Changing lifestyle has driven significant increase in CO2 emission. Especially, increases in private transport expenditure （for example, vehicle expenditure） and house building expenditure are key driving factors of growth in consumption-induced COL emission. There are big differences in the amount of CO2 emission induced by change in lifestyle across different income groups and provinces. It can be expected that lower income households and developing regions will increase consumption to improve their livings with income growth in the future, which may induce much more CO2 emission. A reasonable level of CO2 emission is necessary to satisfy human needs and to improve living standard, but a noticeable fact is that CO2 emission per capita induced by household consumption in developed areas of China had reached a quite high level. Adjustment in lifestyle towards a low-carbon society is in urgent need.     

资源所在地的利益补偿机制初探——以油气田资源开发为例

油气资源作为战略性资源,关系到经济发展、社会稳定、国家安全和全面建设小康社会目标的顺利实现。资源所在地为国家建设输出了大量的能源,本地的经济发展却依然处于落后状况,导致目前资源所在地出现了种种矛盾和冲突。究其原因,主要是缺乏对资源所在地的利益补偿机制所致。以油气田资源开发的利益分配现状为例,指出目前的利益分配中主要存在资源所在地税收分配收益少、开发带来的生态污染补偿缺失、油气田项目征地补偿过低、资源开发没有促进资源所在地的经济发展等问题,从福利经济学、公共政策管理的相关理论提出了构建利益补偿机制的理论依据,并在此基础上提出了收益向资源所在地倾斜、实行生态补偿、创新征地补偿方式和资源就地转化的政策建议。     

国外流域管理的成功经验对雅砻江流域管理的启示

世界各国对流域管理的不断探索,大大丰富了流域管理的理论和实践,流域管理已成为国家和地区水资源管理的一种行之有效的模式。我国的流域管理尚处于最初的探索阶段,如何借鉴国外流域管理的成功经验,形成有效的流域管理模式已成为我国水资源管理的主要任务之一。为了给国内流域管理实践提供一些有益的借鉴,分析总结了具有代表性的美国田纳西河流域管理模式、澳大利亚墨累 达令河流域管理模式和英国泰晤士河流域管理模式的成功经验和存在的问题。以雅砻江流域水电开发为实例,在对该流域的实际情况进行全面分析的基础上,将该流域与上述三条流域进行比较,充分借鉴三条流域管理模式成功经验,提出了雅砻江流域管理的相关对策和建议。     

“无车日”提醒用车环保与文明

9月22日,是我国及世界33个国家、1005个城市的“无车日”。为了减少尾气排放,唤起人们对环境保护的重视和对健康的关注,哈尔滨市有关部门向市民发出倡议,提议群众从爱车中走出来,以乘公交车、骑自行车、步行等绿色出行方式,参与到无车日活动中来。据悉,今年城市无车日活动的主题是“健康环保的自行车、步行和城市公共交通”。目前,福州、广州、西安、上海等108个国内年城市开展了“无车日”活动。     

从攻坚年到冲刺年

污染减排是转变经济发展方式、优化经济结构的重要手段。通过2008年攻坚年的努力,全目新增城市污水处理能力1280万吨／日,超额完成2008年确定的1200万吨／日的任务;新增燃煤脱硫机组装机容量8600万千瓦,是计划任务的2．9倍;关停小火电1669万千瓦,是计划任务的1．3倍;淘汰造纸、水泥、炼铁、炼焦、酒精、味精、柠檬酸等行业落后产能工作进展顺利。2009年是完成“十一五”减排任务的冲刺年。为了实现“十一五”的减排目标,这一年至关重要。成绩虽然突出,但任务依然艰巨。从攻坚年到冲刺年,环保工作者需要面对更大的挑战。     

哈马碧滨水新城——可持续发展社区的典范

瑞典首都斯德哥尔摩曾经闯入申办2004年第二十五届奥运会的最后一轮筛选,遗憾的是未能胜过雅典而取得主办权。但这个城市却在申办过程中意外地打造了一个可持续发展的社区——哈马碧滨水新城。它成为人们津津乐道的一处靓丽风景。     

资源枯竭型城市能否涅槃重生？——铜都在转型

73万人口,1113平方公里面积。有铜都之称的铜陵是安徽省17个省辖市当中面积最小,人口最少的城市,也是全国最小的地级市。作为中国最早的产铜地,铜陵曾出产了新中国的第一炉铜水。因铜建城、因铜兴城之后,铜陵发展的下一步何去何从？     

中国动态

应对国际金融危机不能放松节能减排;加快解决突出农村环境问题;国务院确定第二批资源枯竭城市。     

我国城市化的未来发展趋向

中国城市化的发展趋势是什么？在中组部举办的第五期现代城市领导者专题研究班学习期间,通过对香港、珠三角、长三角等地的实地考察,笔者认为,我国必须坚持走中国特色城镇化道路,促进大中小城市和小城镇协调发展,统筹主体功能区规划、耕地保护等重大举措,做到规划超前、建设慎重、管理精细,实现高质量、高效益、高效率发展,为子孙后代留下生存和发展的空间。