Influence of new town development on the urban heat island - The case of the Bundang area

Five new towns have been developed around the Seoul metropolitan area since 1996. However, these new towns generate lots of traffic and related problems in the areas including those new towns and Seoul as a result of increases in population and a lack of ecological-self-sufficiency. Currently, construction of another new town is under deliberation, and what should be a major consider is the notion that the new town be located within a wide, green zone. Many studies have revealed that green space can play an important role in improving urban eco-meteorological capability and air quality. In order to analyze the urban heat island which will be created by the new urban development, and to investigate the local thermal environment and its negative effects caused by a change of land use type and urbanization, Landsat TM images were used for extraction of urban surface temperature according to changes of land use over the last 15 years. These data are analyzed together with digital land use and topographic information. As a study result, it was found the urban heat island of the study area from 198.5 to 1999 rapidly developed which showed a difference of mean temperature above 2.0. Before the Bundang new town construction the temperature of the residential area was the same as a forest, but during the new town construction in 1991 analysis revealed the creation of an urban heat island. The temperature of a forest whose size is over 50% of the investigation area was lowest, and thus the presence of a forest is believed to have a direct cooling effect on the urban environment and its surroundings. The mean temperature of the residential and commercial areas in the study was found to be 4.5 higher than the forest, and therefore this part of land use is believed to be the main factor causing the temperature increase of the urban heat island.     

Spatial variations in daily average CO2 concentrations above wetland surface of Xianghai National Nature Reserve, China

Horizontal and vertical variations of daily average CO2 concentration above the wetland surface were studied in Xianghai National Nature Reserve of China in August, 2000. The primary purpose was to study spatial distribution characteristics of CO2 concentration on the four levels of height(0.1 m, 0.6 m, 1.2 m and 2 m) and compare the differences of CO2 concentration under different land covers. Results showed that daily average CO2 concentration above wetland surface in Xianghai National Natural Reserve was lower than that above other wetlands in northeast China as well as the worldwide average, suggesting that Xianghai wetland absorbed CO2 in August and acted as“sink” of CO2. The horizontal variations on the four levels of height along the latitude were distinct, and had the changing tendency of“decreasing after increasing” with the increase of height. The areas with obvious variations were consistent on different levels of height,and those with the highest variations appeared above surface of shore, sloping field, Typha wetland and Phragmites wetland; the vertical variations were greatly different, with the higher variations in Phragmites wetland and Typha wetland, and the lands near the shore and the sloping field with the lower variations. Spatial variations of daily average CO2 concentrations above wet!and surface were affected by surface qualities and land covers.     

加大环保工作力度 努力提高环保水平

胜利炼油厂是我国最大的炼油企业之一，现有生产装置６０余套，有职工近万人，年加工能力达到８００万吨，其加工原料是高含硫、氮的胜利原油，环境保护难度大．近年来，该厂在环保治理方面，通过加强宣传教育，提高职工环保意识，加大管理力度，增加技术投入，完善环保措施，使环境保护水平出现了一个大的飞跃，１９９２－１９９４年３年上了３个台阶，污水综合合格率从原来的４８．１６％上升到目前的９５％，万元产值ＣＯＤ排放量达到了全国同行业最低水平．     

加强环境保护，推进经济社会的可持续发展

加强环境保护，推进可持续发展是中国发展的自身需要和必然选择。中国是一个发展中国家，当前正处在经济快速增长的发展过程中，面临着提高社会生产力、增强综合国力和提高人民生活水平的历史任务，同时又面临着人口基数庞大、     

第一次全国污染源普查工作即将启动

为切实加强环境监督管理，提高科学决策水平，实现“十一五”污染减排目标，国务院决定在全国范围内开展“第一次全国污染源普查”。近日，中共中央政治局委员、国务院副总理曾培炎主持召开会议，审议并通过了全国污染源普查方案，对下一步普查工作做出了部署。     

我国废旧轮胎资源化的现状、问题与对策

导言自中国加入WTO以来,国民经济得到了快速发展,交通运输业也进入了高速发展阶段。同时,由于生活水平的逐步提高,私家车的拥有量也呈上升趋势。在人们享受汽车工业所带来的便利之际,随之而来的问题就是汽车保有量增大,轮胎生产量和橡胶需求量增加,废旧轮胎的产生速度也大大加快。一般所说的废旧轮胎是指被替换或淘汰下来已经失去作为轮胎使用价值的轮胎,以及工厂所产生的报废轮胎。它们属于不熔或难熔的高分子弹性材料,具有很强的抗热性,抗机械性,并且很难降解,几十年甚至上百年都不会由于自然力而消失掉[1]。大量的废旧轮胎堆积会占用土…     

医用射线装置对环境辐射水平的影响

调查了上海市7家医院50余台x、γ射线装置,监测了工作环境和公众环境的辐射水平,并根据辐射防护规定进行评价。调查发现,由于少数设备老化,或防护门窗安装不当等,造成了环境剂量的增加。     

农业环境污染问题的经济学分析

在经济体制改革不断深入和经济高速增长的今天,农业作为中国的基础产业部门也经历着一场巨大的变革--逐步由传统农业向现代农业转变,然而在这一进程中所出现的农业生态环境问题却引起了人们的普遍关注.一方面,社会经济的高速增长和人民生活水平的提高,使得人们愈加向往良好的生态环境;另一方面,支持农业生态系统的环境正在以前所未有的速度恶化.文章正是着眼于当前中国农业环境问题,先列举了农业环境污染的现状,接着对农业环境污染问题从经济学的角度进行分析,并在此基础上探讨了排污税的利弊.     

煤炭燃烧排砷水平与控制技术研究

煤炭是我国目前的主要一次能源之一,燃煤中的重金属污染愈来愈受到重视,如何控制煤炭中砷向环境中扩散,减轻环境污染是近年来重要的研究课题.通过开展对铁法煤业集团内部高砷煤和低砷煤的动力配煤燃烧试验,分析动力配煤燃烧过程中的砷迁移水平,研究铁法煤业集团内部动力配煤燃烧过程中的砷迁移规律和动力配煤降砷的可行性,并为开展最佳动力配煤操作数据提供理论依据,为高砷煤燃烧控制砷的排放寻找治理途径,提高煤炭资源的最大利用效率.