利用工农业有机废弃物生产优质无土栽培基质

简述了无土固体基质的发展史及趋势,综述了利用工农业有机废弃物生产无土栽培基质的研究、开发和应用的现状。根据无土栽培基质的一般要求对利用工农业有机废弃物生产无土栽培基质应注意的问题进行了讨论,提出采用新技术、新工艺进行标准化生产是发展这一具有广阔前景产业的关键。     

山梨酸废水在ABR中的基质降解行为

稳态条件下,采用厌氧折流板反应器(anaerobic baffled reactor,ABR)处理山梨酸废水并进行基质降解动力学研究.实验表明,在污泥负荷为0.54～1.63 kg COD/(kg VSS·d)的范围内,COD去除率随着负荷的增加从85%降到55%.各隔室出水COD沿程递减,前3个隔室承担了去除COD的重要作用,但随着污泥负荷的增加,后部承担的COD去除率比例增大.基于各串联隔室完全混合的假定,推导ABR中山梨酸废水的基质降解动力学方程,并通过实验确定相关动力学参数及相应的动力学方程.实测值与预测值基本吻合.     

Substrate-induced changes in microbial community-level physiological profiles and their application to discriminate soil microbial communities

The addition of simple substrates could affect the microbial respiration in soils. This substrate-induced respiration is widely used to estimate the soil microbial biomass, but little attention has been paid to its influence on the changes of community-level physiological profiles. In this study, the process of microbial communities responding to the added substrate using sole-carbon-source utilization （BIOLOG） was investigated. BIOLOG is biased toward fast-growing bacteria; this advantage was taken to detect the prompt response of the active microbial communities to the added substrate. Four soil samples from agricultural fields adjacent to heavy metal mines were amended with L-arginine, citric acid, or D-glucose. Substrate amendments could, generally, not only increase the metabolic activity of the microbial communities, but also change the metabolic diverse patterns compared with no-substrate control. By tracking the process, it was found that the variance between substrate-induced treatment and control fluctuated greatly during the incubation course, and the influences of these three substrates were different. In addition, the application of these induced changes to discriminate soil microbial communities was tested. The distance among all samples was greatly increased, which further showed the functional variance among microbial communities in soils. This can be very useful in the discrimination of microbial communities even with high similarity.     

红壤立体栽培模式中玉米氮、磷、钾配方施肥数学模型的研究

采用氟、磷、钾化肥三因素通用旋转组合设计，通过计算机模拟寻优，建立了湘南砂岩红壤玉米－大豆立体栽培模式中玉米施肥量－产量、玉米施肥量－利润数学模型；优选出玉米产量和利润最高的各10套施肥方案；计算出玉米最高产量的施肥量为：尿素750kg／hm2，过磷酸钙1125kg／hm2，氯化钾332kg／hm2，N∶P2O5∶K2O＝1∶0.39∶0.58；计算出玉米最佳经济效益施肥量为：尿素712.8kg／hm2，过磷酸钙1125kg／hm2，氯化钾285.2kg／hm2，N∶P2O5∶K2O＝1∶0.41∶0.52．玉米与大豆的产量间以及两者的利润间均呈极显著正相关．     

油菜新品种川油11及其丰产栽培技术

油菜新品种川油１１及其丰产栽培技术王行寿（中川省农科院作物所，成都６１００６６））［１油１１（原代号ｌ－１８６－ｌ）系四）１１省农科院作物所于１９８３年用甘蓝型早熟、密果、多粒、大粒新品系８０２－２为母本，以同型早熟、长序、多果、抗病新品系血一１１７...     

人工湿地基质渗滤特性及净化污水效果

以细沙、细沙和碎石质量比为1：1、1：2、2：1的三种组合，以及煤渣和壤土质量比为1：1的混合物共五种基质为供试对象，通过比较测定不同基质渗透性，选择渗透性较好的基质搭配填入人工湿地模型中，测定进出水水质，研究基质对系统净化污水的效果。结果表明，渗透性对人工湿地系统净化污水有一定影响。当基质渗透性较好、孔隙率较高时，污水总磷、氨氮、以及化学需氧量去除率较高；随时间延长，各指标去除率降低，其中总磷去除率与时间有较好的线性相关。     

硝化细菌富集培养方法研究

研究探讨利用提高基质－氨氮浓度的方式富集硝化的可行性。结果表明：温度为３０℃，ｐＨ在６．５～８．０，ＤＯ〉２ｍｇ／Ｌ时，经过１２～１３周的富集培养，污泥中硝化菌浓度是未经富集污泥中硝化菌浓度的１２．５～２０倍。     

开封城市景观生态规划

在开封市生态建设现状分析的基础上,运用景观生态学的理论和方法,从廊道、斑块、基质三个方面提出了改善开封城市景观结构,优化城市生态环境的基本思路和建议.     

正交设计法在刺叶墙藓土培中的应用

采用正交设计,研究了新疆的一种荒漠苔藓——刺叶墙藓的最适生长条件,包括最适基质、最适生长温度及最佳培养液的筛选。结果表明,5℃(8h)～15℃(16h)的温度,田土+砂+营养土的基质,最适合刺叶墙藓的生长;培养液的种类对其生长的影响并不明显。