汕头东部近岸海域大型底栖动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系

为了解汕头东部近岸海域大型底栖动物群落及其与环境因子的关系,笔者于2020年7月、11月和2021年4月、12月对汕头东部近岸海域开展4个航次的调查,分析其大型底栖动物群落结构、季节变化及其与环境因子的关联。结果显示,4个航次的调查共采集到大型底栖动物44种,其中,环节动物14种、节肢动物10种、软体动物9种、其他类11种。优势种类以内卷齿蚕(Aglaophamus sp.)、光滑倍棘蛇尾(Amphioplus laevis)为主。大型底栖动物年平均栖息密度和平均生物量分别为410.4 ind./m²和133.47 g/m²,总栖息密度为夏季>秋季>春季>冬季,总生物量变化为秋季>夏季>春季>冬季。Shannon多样性指数为0.68～0.99, Margalef丰富度指数为0.35～0.64, Pielou均匀度指数为0.89～0.98。聚类分析表明,调查到的大型底栖动物可分为5个群落。丰度/生物量曲线分析显示,夏季时群落因受扰动表现为不稳定状态,而春、秋、冬季则较为稳定。典范对应分析显示,不同季节影响大型...     

中国经济增长与能源消耗的脱钩——东部地区的时空分异研究

工业时代的经济增长是以大量消耗能源为代价的,直接导致环境污染和资源枯竭。将经济增速与环境压力脱钩的同时,实现将人类福祉与资源消耗的脱钩,是实现绿色可持续发展的焦点问题。采用Tapio基本模型构建中国能源消耗与经济增长的脱钩模型,将1979-2014年的脱钩指数划分为8种脱钩类型。结果说明,绝对而稳态的脱钩是不存在的。虽然大部分年份的中国处于弱脱钩状态,但长时间尺度上,经济增长与能源消耗存在"连接-脱钩-复钩-再脱钩"的动态反复过程。以中国东部地区10省份为例,研究脱钩指数变化的趋势和时间分异情况。结果显示,进入21世纪后该地区复钩的可能性不断增加,特别在经济增速趋缓的背景下,需要警惕以能源消耗驱动经济发展的模式重现。计算并比较脱钩指数的5年均值,研究中国东部地区脱钩的空间分异情况。结果表明,经济增长与能源消耗是否脱钩与宏观政策的调整密切相关。不断提高利用效率以减少能源消耗总量,保持弱脱钩是中国经济发展与能源消耗关系的常态。     

台风能成为“人类福祉”吗?

台风,是发生在西北太平洋和南海一带热带海洋上猛烈的风暴。为什么称为台风呢?有人说,过去人们不了解台风发源于太平洋,认为这种巨大的风暴来自台湾,所以称为台风;也有人认为,台风侵袭我国广东省最多,台风是从广东话"大风"演变而来。     

基于区域发展视角的耕地保护政策失灵及对策选择

不平衡的梯度发展战略,使得东部地区优先获得扩大农地非农化的权利而率先发展.随着国家发展战略的调整,正处于快速发展阶段的中西部地区却遭遇到了国家最严格的耕地保护政策管制,中西部地区经济发展和耕地保护的矛盾加剧,国家耕地保护政策失灵.首先从东中西部区域不公平发展的角度,分析了耕地保护政策失灵的原因,然后通过构建东部和中西部两大区域主体之间的竞争博弈关系进行理论上的论证.研究表明,区域不平衡发展战略导致耕地资源非农化指标的不公平配置,中西部地区经济发展模式扭曲;东部和中西部区域的利益主体地方政府对耕地资源非农化利用的竞争是耕地保护政策失灵的根源.在研究的基础上,本文给出的对策选择是创新中西部地区经济发展模式和国家经济制度供给.调整国家公共政策,构建耕地保护区际补偿机制.     

Dynamic Evaluation on Regional Tourism Competitiveness： Urban Agglomeration of Shandong Peninsula, Eastern China

The article establishes the appraisal index system for entire urban agglomeration and its interior cities individually, concretely including five aspects： driving forces for tourism development, the level of tourism development, tourism impacts, tourism economic connection and tourism contributions of different cities to the whole urban agglomeration. As tourism competitiveness has the characteristics of comprehensiveness, systematicness and dynamicness, the article attempts to apply the structural prediction means of system dynamics to evaluating tourism competitiveness, aiming to provide some research methods and analysis ideas for tourism competitiveness measurement and trends analysis in urban agglomeration. Taking Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration as the study area, the article simulates and analyzes the tourism competitiveness trend of the whole region and its interior cities from 2005 to 2020, and the result reflects that integrated development and regional combination of tourism are important means to upgrade tourism competitiveness in this region.     

Change of Flood Patterns in China under the Influences of Climate Change and Human Activities

Based on the flood affected area （FA） data of the provinces in China from 1950 to 2005, the article discusses the change of the flood patterns in China, and investigates its relationship with climate change and human activities. The flood center shifted from North China and the Yangtze-Huaihe basin in the 1950s towards the south, north and west of China, and located in the south of the Yangtze River and South China after the 1990s. The FA in the western provinces was continuously on the rise since the 1950s. There are two characteristics for the future flood pattem in China. The pattern of ＂flood in the south and drought in the north＂ depends on the north-south shift of the maximum rainfall region in eastern China. The flood intensification to the west of Hu Huanyong＇s line mainly results from the increase of rainfall, extreme precipitation and the melting of glaciers under the background of human activity magnification.     

美俄卫星太空相撞引发的太空战思考

多年来,世界各国的航天专家已经不止一次发出警告,在近地轨道日渐拥挤的情况下,难免会发生航天器相互碰撞、产生大量危险的太空垃圾的事件。然而,这一担心今天已经变为现实——美国东部时间2月10日11时55分（北京时间11日零时55分）,美国铱卫星公司正在使用的“铱-33”商业通信卫星和已报废多年的俄罗斯“宇宙-2251”军用通信卫星在西伯利亚北部上空相撞。     

西部主体功能区产业布局——基于产业梯度转移理论的思考

随着国家主体功能区战略的实施,对产业布局提出了新的标准,强调把产业布局在区位优势明显、环境承载力高的重点和优化开发区。对产业梯度转移的一般规律在我国的应用提出了质疑。通过东西部传统产业比较优势的对比,做出西部传统产业向东部逆向转移并承接高新产业的结论,提出了对该模式的可行性建议。     

Arsenic fractionation and contamination assessment in sediments of thirteen lakes from the East Plain and Yungui Plateau Ecoregions, China

Arsenic（As） fractions in the sediments of seven lakes from East Plain Ecoregion and six lakes from Yungui Plateau Ecoregion, China, were investigated. Results indicated that the total As concentrations in sediment samples of lakes of the East Plain Lake Ecoregion are higher than those of Yungui Plateau Lake Ecoregion. Residual As is the main fraction in sediment samples of lakes from both ecoregions, followed by reducible As and soluble or oxidizable As. The total As is correlated to oxidizable As and residual As in sediment samples from both lake ecoregions. As distribution in sediment samples of lakes of the East Plain Ecoregion appears to be affected by human activity, while the As origin mainly comes from natural sources in sediment samples of lakes in the Yungui Plateau Ecoregion. The potential ecological risk index and geoaccumulation index values suggest ＂low to moderate＂ risk degree and ＂unpolluted to moderately polluted＂ for As in the studied lake sediments.