2012年1-12月全闲发生死亡10人以上重大、特大事故点评回放

（上接第3期）4月6日11时10分．吉林省蛟河市丰兴煤矿发生特大透水事故,造成死亡12人,直接经济损失1370万元。事故直接原因：一上顺槽掘进工作面巷道测量出现偏差,导致掘进巷道过程中掘透老空积水：安排作业人员在受水害威胁区域的下部区域作业．致使透水事故发生后人员无法逃生。     

活性炭碘值的测量不确定度评定

本文依据GB/T7702.7-2008,对活性炭碘值测量过程中的不确定度分量进行了分析和评定,定量表征了测量结果的可信程度。测量不确定度主要来源于碘标准滴定溶液、滴定过程、重复性引入的不确定度,从而对此测量方法的准确性进行了科学的判断。     

ISO新标准助力环境中氡放射线的监测

大气和建筑环境中放射性物质(特别是氡)具有高致癌性,诱发肺癌的几率仅次于吸烟,世界卫生组织(WHO)研究表明3%~14%的肺癌由放射性物质引发。为实现大气和建筑环境中氡元素的测量,国际标准化组织(ISO)制定了一系列新的标准方法,借以评估大气和建筑环境中氡含量。ISO11665:2012《大气中放射物质测量———氡(Rn)222》由几个部分组成,包括氡(Rn)     

低粉尘浓度气体中细颗粒物（PM2.5）含量的测量

低粉尘浓度气体中细颗粒物（PM2.5）的测量用称重法和计数法都有困难,文章提出用稀释气体降低含尘浓度后,用激光尘埃计数器测量其中细颗粒物的数量,计算出质量浓度的办法。     

基于红外吸收法的哈龙替代灭火剂HFC－125的浓度监测技术

HFC-125(五氟乙烷)有较好性能,可替代哈龙灭火剂应用于飞机灭火系统中。在飞机灭火系统的评估实验中,模拟地面或是飞行状态,灭火剂浓度测量设备都是必不可少的。基于非色散红外光谱技术(NDIR),初步设计了HFC-125灭火剂浓度监测设备,该设备采用硅碳红外光源,入射光经过斩波器调制转变为交变光,通过单光路测量气室后,被碲镉汞红外探测器转化为电压信号并被前置放大电路放大。通过电压比与体积分数的对应关系,可以实现对HFC-125浓度的监测。     

Determination of atmospheric hydroxyl radical by HPLC coupled with electrochemical detection

The hydroxyl radical (·OH) plays a central role in the oxidation and removal of many atmospheric compounds. Measurement of atmospheric·OH is very difficult because of its high reactivity and low atmospheric abundance. In this article, a simple and highly sensitive method, high performance liquid chromatography coupled with coulometric detection (HPLC-CD), was developed to determine·OH indirectly by determining its reaction products with salicylic acid (SAL), 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHBA), and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5-DHBA). Under the optimum conditions for its determination, 2,3-DHBA and 2,5-DHBA could be well separated and the detection limits for 2,3-DHBA were 3×10~(-10) mol/L and for 2,5-DHBA were 1.5×10~(-10) mol/L, which were lower than most previous reports. This method was also applied to measure atmospheric hydroxyl radical levels and demonstrated the feasibility in clean and polluted air.     

铁路边界噪声限值测量中若干问题的讨论

阐述了铁路边界噪声测量中所遇到的问题主要有,铁路边界的界定,背景噪声的修正和测点距轨面相对高度、测点与轨道的地面状况,并对铁路噪声预测模式进行了对比分析,以及如何测量等实际问题提出了解决办法。     

退浆废水中聚乙烯醇定量测量的研究进展

中国纺织行业产生的退浆废水中聚乙烯醇（PVA）可生化性能差,其对环境的危害越来越受到环保人士的关注。因此定量检测PVA在处理退浆废水研究中显得尤为重要,然而至今没有形成一套定量测量PVA的规范方法。本文介绍了目前退浆废水中聚乙烯醇定量测量的常用方法：单波长和双波长分光光度法,以及目前测量所选用的显色体系、显色剂加入量、测量波长等条件。并从多角度分析了测量条件不规范的原因,提出了一些改进的建议,为规范PVA的定量测量研究提供参考。     

G856质子旋进磁力仪性能测试

介绍了G856质子旋进磁力仪的工作原理.通过测试仪器的稳定性、仪器差等方面的性能,认为该仪器精度高,重量轻,使用方便,但也存在一些缺陷.测试结果为日后实际测量工作提供了依据.     

Distribution and habitat characteristics of fishes in the Pearl River Estuary北大核心CSCD

To explore the current situation and distribution of fish in the eight major estuaries of the Pearl River Estuary in China, acoustic detection and water quality monitoring were conducted in 2018. The results showed that almost living in eight major estuaries were juvenile, the proportion of strong echo was higher in winter, and Jiaomen and Modaomen Estuary were relatively rich in adult fish. In winter, the Humen, Jiaomen, and Yamen Estuary had a high density relatively, for 46.05 (± 50.30), 33.12 (± 93), and 32 (± 78) ind/103 m3, respectively. However, the fish densities of the Hengmen, Modaomen, and Hutiaomen estuaries were higher in summer at 55.72 (± 83.23), 37.52 (± 55) and 36 (± 99) ind/103 m3, respectively. Thus, fish are mainly concentrated in the flood tidal estuary in winter and in the ebb tidal estuary in summer. In addition, fish density was higher in flood tide than in ebb tide, and the strong echo proportion was lower. In winter, the key water quality factors affecting the biodiversity of estuary fish Shannon were chlorophyll a (P < 0.05), while what affected the fish density were turbidity and salinity (P < 0.05). This study showed that the Pearl River estuary was still the main habitat for juvenile fish. However, habitat variability is obvious; hence, it is important to flexibly carry out the delimitation of estuarine fish reserves and ecological restoration. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.