混作在黄土母质生土改良中的应用

以黄土母质生土为供试土壤,采用盆栽试验,研究小麦与3种豆科牧草及油菜混作对根际土壤生物活性及土壤营养的影响.结果表明,黄土母质生土混作较单作可显著促进根际土壤微生物的繁衍、酶活性及土壤营养的提高,且在混作根土系统中,三大微生物种群数量、多种土壤酶活性以及土壤N、P、有机质营养之间均存在显著或极显著的正向相关关系.4种混作处理以豌/麦根际土壤综合效应较好,可作为生土改良的首选混播作物.结果还显示,在小麦生长期内,混作根际微生物数量与酶活性及根际土壤营养均随生育进程呈前低—中高—后低的抛物线变化.研究为混作复合群体应用于黄土母质生土地改良提供了理论参考.图3表1参23     

一株产酸性α-淀粉酶菌株的筛选、纯化及酶学性质

从南宁酒厂附近土壤中筛选到一株产淀粉酶的野生菌株GXBA-4,经革兰氏染色、芽孢染色以及16SrDNA鉴定,初步确定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefacien).将该菌株发酵液经过硫酸铵沉淀和凝胶过滤纯化出一种α-淀粉酶,该酶相对分子质量约为57×103;反应最适温度为40~45℃,适应温度范围广,30℃时仍具有80%以上的相对活力;最适pH为5.0,为低温酸性淀粉酶.该酶水解可溶性淀粉的产物,经HPLC检测主要是以葡萄糖,麦芽糖以及麦芽三糖为主的低聚糖,分别以α-环糊精、β-环糊精、可溶性淀粉、玉米生淀粉为底物,还原糖产物比为0:0:99:3.4,表明该酶为典型的α-淀粉酶.     

一株中度嗜盐淀粉酶产生菌的分离鉴定及酶活测定

为开发极端环境工业用酶,从新疆盐碱土微生物中分离得到一株中度嗜盐高产淀粉酶活性菌株H3,其能耐受30%盐浓度和pH 11的极端环境.通过形态特征、生理生化实验及16S rRNA基因序列分析,确定H3属于Gracilibacillus属.该菌株能在盐浓度为0~30%的培养基上生长,最适生长盐浓度为5%~10%,最适pH值为8.5.在最适生长盐浓度、pH条件下,其淀粉酶活性可达到4 830个活力单位,可用于高盐高碱环境下淀粉的水解.     

拟南芥硫酯酶基因(atfata)在大肠杆菌中的表达及其对游离脂肪酸合成的影响

硫酯酶催化脂酰ACP(酰基载体蛋白)水解生成游离脂肪酸和ACP载体蛋白,能够解除脂肪酸合成与磷脂合成的偶联,是获得游离脂肪酸的关键基因.将拟南芥的硫酯酶基因atfata克隆到原核表达载体pET30a上,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中成功表达了His-tag融合蛋白,经SDS-PAGE检测获得特异性表达条带.对该重组菌株进行摇瓶发酵实验,GC-MS检测表明其与对照菌株脂肪酸组成并未发生变化;但其脂肪酸产量达到232.06 mg/L,比对照菌株提高了70%;同时胞外游离脂肪酸产量达到了33 mg/L,占总脂肪酸含量的15%,是野生菌株胞外脂肪酸产量的7倍.图3表2参17     

铯对油菜萌发代谢生物学效应初探

研究了油菜(Brassica napus)的萌发特性及幼苗生长对不同质量浓度(80、160、320、640、960 mg.L-1)氯化铯(CsCl)处理的效应。结果显示:ρ(CsCl)为80～960 mg.L-1时,其对油菜发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数的影响差异不显著,但对油菜幼苗根、芽生长具有低促高抑的双重作用,且根的生长比芽对CsCl更为敏感。随着ρ(CsCl)逐渐增加,油菜幼苗脯氨酸和蛋白质含量增加,脱氢酶(DH)活性和过氧化物酶(POD)活性则明显下降,表明较高ρ(CsCl)处理可能造成油菜幼苗一定程度的胁迫,其脯氨酸含量增加可能主要是由于脯氨酸合成加强所致。     

内源性气态SO2对大鼠血管的舒张作用及其机制IV:SO2对血压的调节与信号通路

为探讨内源性二氧化硫(SO2)对动脉血压的影响及其信号转导通路,采用大鼠颈动、静脉插管技术研究SO2对动脉压调节作用,通过离体血管环灌流试验观察SO2对NE引起的主动脉血管环收缩作用的影响,用生物化学方法与实时定量RT-PCR技术研究SO2对离体血管一氧化氮(NO)生成、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性和基因表达的调节作用....     

Effects of rhamnolipid biosurfactant JBR425 and synthetic surfactant Surfynol465 on the peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of 2-naphthol

The kinetics of the recombinant Coprinus cinereus peroxidase-catalyzed 2-naphthol oxidation was investigated in the presence of rhamnolipid biosurfactant JBR425 and synthetic surfactant Surfynol465 at pH 5.5 and 25℃, with concentrations of (bio)surfactants both less than critical micelle concentrations (CMC) and larger than CMC. It was shown that monomers of JBR425 as well as monomers of Surfynol465 had an enhancing effect on the conversion of 2-naphthol in dose response manner and did not influence the initial rate of 2-naphthol oxidation. The results were accounted by a scheme, which contains a stadium of enzyme inhibition by oligomeric 2-naphthol oxidation products. The action of the biosurfactant's (or synthetic surfactant's) monomers was explained by avoidance of the enzyme active center clothing with oligomers. Similar results have demonstrated the potential of rhamnolipid biosurfactant JBR425 due to its biodegradability. When biosurfactants' concentrations are larger than CMC, (bio)surfactants have an opposite effect on the oxidation of 2-naphthol by peroxidase.     

安太堡露天矿复垦地不同人工植被恢复下的土壤酶活性和肥力比较

人工重建植被是露天矿复垦地植被恢复,提高土壤质量的主要途径之一.选择适宜的人工植被对快速恢复土壤质量具有重要意义.本文主要研究了安太堡露天矿复垦地油松-刺槐-柠条混交林、沙棘-刺槐-柠条-沙枣混交林和苜蓿地的土壤养分含量及酶活性,综合评价了这3种不同植被类型对土壤肥力恢复效果.结果表明,随着植被恢复的进行,土壤养分含量均有增加,油松-刺槐-柠条混交林的土壤养分含量显著高于其它样地.从以养分含量和酶活性权重计算的土壤综合肥力指标值(IFI)可知,油松-刺槐-柠条混交林IFI值最高.综合来看,对土壤重建效果最好的为油松-刺槐-柠条混交林,其次是沙棘-刺槐-柠条-沙枣混交林,再次为苜蓿.     

Coking wastewater increases micronucleus frequency in mouse in vivo via oxidative stress

Coking wastewater has caused serious health risk in coal-producing areas of China, however its toxic effects have not been well understood. The genotoxicity induced by coking wastewater on mice in vivo and its possible oxidative mechanisms were investigated via observing the induction of micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes of mouse bone marrow, and subsequently determining the antioxidative enzyme activities （superoxide dismutase Cu, Zn-SOD, Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase, and catalase）, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance contents and protein carbonyl levels in brains and livers of mice. Results showed that the tested coking wastewater caused a significant increase of micronucleus frequencies in a concentration-dependent manner. Also, the sample increased lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation levels, which was accompanied by changes in antioxidative status. Interestingly, pre-treatment with an antioxidant （vitamin C） led to a statistical reduction in the micronucleus frequency caused by coking wastewater. This implies that coking wastewater induces evident genetic damage in mammalian cells, and exposure to polluted areas might pose a potential genotoxic risk to human beings; in the process, oxidative stress played a crucial role.