香蕉果皮中过氧化物酶的提取与纯化研究

为使香蕉果皮废物再利用,通过表面活性剂沉淀技术对香蕉果皮中的过氧化物酶进行提取,并对提取液和粗酶液的蛋白质含量以及酶活性进行测定.结果 显示司盘80(span-80)提取过氧化物酶的最佳回收溶剂为丙酮、pH值为6.0、离子强度为2 mmol/L、中和剂浓度为0.15mmol/L.该方法为果皮废物利用提供了理论指导.     

超声协同紫外灭活大肠杆菌实验研究

应用紫外、超声、超声协同紫外对大肠杆菌进行灭活,并从生物学角度对协同机理进行探讨。结果表明:实验条件下,紫外辐照剂量与大肠杆菌灭活率之间具有良好的线性关系,各紫外辐照剂量下的E.coli均发生了光复活现象。超声功率密度对于灭活结果具有显著意义(p0.05),研究中超声灭活大肠杆菌的最大相对功效值对应的工况为7.18W/cm2作用80s。超声的协同作用使紫外线消毒动力学方程K值由0.1增至0.1358,减小了细菌对UV的抗性;与单独紫外作用比较,超声与紫外协同作用的光复活率有所降低。超声与紫外同时作用对细胞形态结构产生严重的破坏,超声作用只能改变细胞的结构,而不能破坏其DNA;利用T4-EndoⅤ对CPDs的特异性识别特性,可发现经各工况处理后,大肠杆菌DNA均被降解,产生大量CPDS,且各工况下ESS含量变化曲线与各工况下大肠杆菌灭活率曲线的相关系数达到0.92。     

消油剂对马粪海胆污染效应的影响

以马粪海胆(Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus)为测试对象,比较了0号柴油分散液(WAFs)与加入消油剂后的乳化液(dis-WAFs)的24、48、72、96 h急性毒性效应,并研究了不同浓度的柴油乳化液对马粪海胆消化腺超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响。实验结果表明:0号柴油分散液对马粪海胆幼胆的半致死浓度分别为18.2、15.5、11.5、9.5 mg/L;0号柴油乳化液对马粪海胆幼胆的24、48、72、96 h半致死浓度分别为11.7、9.1、7.4、5.1 mg/L。暴露相同时间时,0号柴油乳化液的毒性大于0号柴油分散液。亚致死浓度的dis-WAFs污染对抗氧化酶活性影响存在剂量-效应关系。同一剂量组随着污染时间的延长,SOD和CAT的活力表现为先诱导后抑制的趋势,受污染个体在污染解除之后,其SOD和CAT酶活性得到恢复。SOD和CAT可以作为海洋底栖环境石油烃污染监测的潜在的生物标志物之一。     

堆肥反应器中2种微生物接种剂的堆肥效果研究

在严格控制堆肥条件的情况下,以鸡粪为堆肥基本原料,选用单一微生物巨大芽孢杆菌和复合微生物VT菌为接种剂,通过研究堆肥过程中的温度、氧气浓度、C/N、WSC(水溶性碳)、发芽指数(GI)以及脱氢酶和纤维素酶的活性动态变化来反映这2种微生物接种剂对堆肥效果的影响.结果表明,接种复合微生物菌剂VT的处理在堆肥升温和保持高温效果明显,接种微生物菌剂的2个处理的堆体内氧气浓度都较CK低,其中最低的为接种复合微生物菌剂VT的处理.接种微生物菌剂,C/N下降速度快,WSC浓度相对高,GI值上升速度明显加快,有利于加快堆肥腐熟进程,其中接种复合微生物菌剂VT的效果较单一微生物菌剂巨大芽孢杆菌好.接种微生物菌剂有利于堆肥升温期脱氢酶和纤维素酶活性增加,促进堆肥的氧化还原反应和纤维素的分解,且接种复合微生物VT的效果明显.     

Validation of a conductometric bienzyme biosensor for the detection of proteins as marker of organic matter in river samples

This article describes a conductometric bi-layer based bienzyme biosensor for the detection of proteins as a marker of organic matter in rivers. Proteins were chosen to be used as indicators of urban pollution. The working mechanism of the bienzyme biosensor is based on the enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins into several fractions (peptides and amino acids), which results in a local conductivity change depending of the concentration of proteins. In this work, we began with the optimization of biosensor response using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as standard protein. For this objective seven enzymatic biosensors were prepared: four enzymatic sensors with only one layer of enzyme (proteinase K, trypsin, pronase or protease X) and three other enzymatic sensors with two layers (first layer: membrane containing proteinase K; second layer: one of the three other enzymes: trypsin, pronase or protease X). The biosensors were obtained through the deposition of enzymatic layers and the cross-linking process between enzymes and BSA in saturated glutaraldehyde vapour. The response of the various biosensors, described previously, were compared with the values of total organic carbon (TOC), and those of organic nitrogen (Norg), as determined by the laboratory accredits (CEMAGREF of Lyon) using the traditional method of analysis (NF EN 1484, infrared spectroscopy) and (NF EN 25663, mineralization/colorimetry assay) respectively for each water sample obtained from di erent sites in Lyon (France). The linear correlations obtained with the response of the seven biosensors showed the most important indices of correlations for the biosensor with two enzymatic layers: proteinase K + pronase (pkp). The optimum conditions for the preparation of the pkp biosensor increased the sensitivity and gave a limit of quantification of 0.583 g/L for TOC and 0.218 g/L for Norg in water samples. This sensor shows good reproducibility (2.28%), a capacity to be used at temperatures range 10– 30°C (depending on the season) and moreover a long lifetime (5 weeks).     

Effects of nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 on the laccase-catalyzed conversion of bisphenol A

The laccase-catalyzed conversion of bisphenol A (BPA) in aqueous solutions was studied in the absence and presence of nonionic surfactant Triton X-100. It was found that the addition of Triton X-100 into the reaction system increased the conversion of BPA, especially near the critical micelle concentration of Triton X-100. Also it was found that the stability of laccase was greatly improved in the presence of TritonX-100. Studies on the endogenous fluorescence emission of laccase indicated that there existed an interaction between Triton X-100 and laccase, which was beneficial to folding and stabilizating of laccase. The binding of Triton X-100 to the laccase surface also mitigated the inactivation e ect caused by the free radicals and polymerization products. Under otherwise identical conditions, a lower dosage of laccase was needed for the higher conversion of BPA in the presence of Triton X-100.     

四环素类抗生素对土壤-生菜系统的生物效应及其迁移降解特性

四环素类抗生素（TCs）会随畜禽粪便的施用而残留在农田土壤,对蔬菜生长和土壤生态带来风险.本文通过温室土壤盆栽试验,外源添加3种不同水平的土霉素（OTC）、四环素（TC）和金霉素（CTC）,研究了TCs对生菜的生理毒性和在生菜中的吸收转运特性,同时研究了TCs在土壤中的降解和对土壤酶活性以及土壤微生物数量的影响.结果表明,OTC、TC和CTC降低了生菜的生物量,减少了叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素的含量,抑制了净光合速率,提高了SOD、POD和CAT活性;生菜对TCs的吸收量根系>地上部分,随土壤施加的TCs增加吸收量增加,而生物富集系数和转运系数降低;通过人体预测每日摄入量（EDI）和人体每日允许摄入量（ADI）的比值计算TCs暴露引起的人体健康潜在风险值（HQ）,当土壤中OTC、TC和CTC含量低于150 mg·kg^-1时,生菜可食部位的健康风险较低（HQ<0.1）;TCs在不同土壤中的降解速率：对照土 > 根际土 > 非根际土,OTC在土壤中的降解速率显著低于TC和CTC;高含量的TCs（150~1350 mg·kg^-1）处理显著抑制土壤脲酶和根际土的过氧化氢酶活性,减少土壤细菌和真菌的数量.     

真菌漆酶介导自由基偶联和接枝反应在绿色化学中的应用

漆酶(p-苯二醇:分子氧氧化还原酶;EC 1.10.3.2)是自然界中普遍存在的一类胞外含铜多酚氧化还原酶.漆酶能够以环境中氧分子作为电子接受体,催化4个底物分子的单电子氧化形成4个相应的反应活性自由基或醌类中间体,随后这些活性中间体在酶促位点外发生步进式偶联反应,生成多种具有复杂结构的大分子C—C、C—O—C或C—N—C共价聚合产物.该反应过程中仅生成唯一副产物水,具有反应温和、底物广谱、催化效率高、操作可控和经济环保等优点.目前,真菌漆酶介导低分子有机物和高分子化合物的自由基偶联和接枝反应已经被应用于生物技术领域,该技术克服了传统物理化学方法存在的弊端,在保护人群健康和生态安全等方面具有广泛地应用前景和商业价值.本文详细地概述了真菌漆酶催化不同底物分子的自由基偶联和接枝反应在环境修复、生物监测、食品加工、纤维改性、纺织染色、制药行业和有机合成等绿色化学中的最新研究进展,旨在为开发和拓展真菌漆酶在绿色化学技术领域中的多功能应用提供科学的理论依据和技术指导.     

辣根过氧化物酶处理酚和氯酚的催化特性研究

为了研究辣根过氧化物酶处理酚和氯酚的动力学过程,采用人工配不试验,测定了ｐＨ对酶催化反应的影响,Ｈ２Ｏ２抑制酶催化反应的动力学参数和不同度物的酶催化反应动力学参数,结果表明,在试验的ｐＨ范围内,ｐＨ为９时过氧化物酶对苯酚和对氯苯酚的去除效率最高,分别达到９９．５％和９５％。     

拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的酶促降解

测定了降解菌Ａｌｃａｌｉｇｅｎｅｓ ｓｐ．ＹＦ １１粗酶液对拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂的降解性能,粗酶液降解杀灭菊酯、甲氰菊酯、氯氯菊酯、溴氰菊酯氯菊酯、三氟氯氰菊酯的最适ｐＨ分别为８．０、８．５、８．０、８．０、９．０、７．５;米氏常数分别为４１．４、１３６．８、６５．４、２２２．８、５．２、８．６７ｎｍｏｌ／ｍｌ;最适温度为３２．５℃,该粗酶液在ｐＨ５．０－１０．５均具有降解活性。