基于InVEST模型的鄱阳湖湿地生物多样性情景分析

生态系统服务与功能的评估越来越多地被应用到自然资源管理政策制定中。通过参与式评估框架(FoPIA)方法建立鄱阳湖湿地到2020年的不同土地利用情景,以此作为参数应用到生态系统服务与功能的评估权衡模型(InVEST),以鄱阳湖湿地指示性生物(越冬候鸟)的栖息地为研究对象,定量和空间化评估典型村落未来土地利用情景下候鸟栖息地质量和空间分布特征。结果表明:在生态保育情景下,受生态退耕等因素的影响,栖息地规模增加,人类胁迫活动减少,鄱阳湖湿地典型村落候鸟栖息地的平均质量提高到0.89,比现状水平提高27.0%;在经济发展情景下,人类活动范围的扩张使得候鸟栖息地受到的胁迫增强,栖息地的平均质量下降为0.57,比现状水平低14.0%;在自然增长情景下,候鸟栖息地平均质量为0.66,比现状水平增加了1.5%。     

神农架川金丝猴栖息地重金属污染特征及风险评价

神农架川金丝猴是中国特有的濒危物种之一.为探究神农架川金丝猴栖息地重金属污染情况,采集川金丝猴栖息地食源植物、土壤和水体样品,分析了7种重金属含量特征（Cu、 Zn、 Pb、 Cd、 Cr、 Ni和As）,并采用综合污染指数法、潜在生态风险指数法和内梅罗指数对水体、土壤和食源植物进行污染物评价,同时通过靶标危害系数法（THQ）对川金丝猴食源植物进行健康风险评价.结果表明,栖息地水体重金属浓度为：0.004～1.220μg·L^-1,处于无污染状态.土壤中ω（Cd）(0.162～0.822 mg·kg^-1)为湖北省土壤背景值的2.71倍,处于中等生态危害风险.食源植物中Pb、 Cd、 Cr和Ni超标率分别为29%、 29%、 18%和35%,地衣和树皮污染指数为6.038和7.709,处于重度污染水平;巴山冷杉种子和广布野豌豆的污染指数为2.716和2.034,处于中度污染,其余植物均处于安全水平.经健康风险评价发现,地衣及树皮类>树叶类>果实类,As对川金丝猴健康存在威胁（THQ>1）.综上所述,笔者认为川金丝猴栖息地存在重金...     

The rhythm of stereotypic behaviors in captive giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)北大核心CSCD

Stereotypy can be defined as a repetitive behavioral pattern with no apparent function or target in captivity. It is considered an abnormal behavior in contrast to the behavior in wild habitats and is often used as an important index to evaluate the captive environment, which has a significant scientific value. Many previous studies have focused on the impact of environment on stereotypical behavior; however, the rhythm of stereotypy remains unclear. To determine the mechanism of stereotypy, eight giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) were investigated 24 h a day from Jan 2018 to Dec 2019, with focal sampling and continuous recording. No stereotypy in the juveniles was noted, while the adult giant pandas displayed different stereotypies. Mean stereotypy durations were 0.72% of the total activity in circadian rhythm, with a peak of mean durations in all seasons occurring at 7:00 am–9:00 am, while, in spring, there was a peak of mean duration at 1:00 am–3:00 am. Although there was no significant difference, mean stereotypy durations and frequencies in the night were longer than those in the daytime. Mean stereotypy frequencies in spring reached the highest level, whereas mean stereotypy durations in winter were maximal. The adult giant pandas in the daytime showed maximal mean stereotypy durations in winter and minimal mean stereotypy durations in busy seasons (summer and autumn), whereas mean stereotypy durations at night were maximal in busy seasons. Despite no significant differences among these seasons, our results suggest that the stereotypy of giant pandas may have diurnal rhythms and seasonal differences. In light of the similar captive environment between adult and juvenile giant pandas, the appearance of stereotypy may be correlated with age, which may be the effects of the environment or a strategy of adaptation. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

圈养大熊猫乳汁营养成分分析及育幼营养对策初探

连续测定了１只１０ａ大熊猫产后１ｍｏ内１２个乳汁样品中水份、粗蛋白（ＣＰ）、粗脂肪（ＥＥ）、粗灰分（ＣＡ）、乳糖（Ｌａｃ）、１７种氨基酸（ＡＡ）、１０种矿物元素、６种维生素的含量．结果表明，大熊猫产后前６ｄ乳汁中多数营养素含量与６ｄ后含量差异明显．产后ｄ１乳汁中ｗ（ＣＰ）＝６．３４％，ｄ５～１５在５％左右；ｗ（ＥＥ）在２．５０％～７．３３％范围内变动；乳糖含量皆在１％左右；大多数维生素和微量元素含量远高于常见的家畜乳和人乳中相应成分的含量．在分析大熊猫乳汁营养成分含量特点的基础上，探讨了育纳营养对策．     

上海南汇东滩鸟类栖息地营造工程的生境评价

为应对长江口日益严峻的滨海湿地和鸟类栖息地丧失问题,上海南汇东滩鸟类栖息地营造工程采取地形构建与水位调控技术,营造了适宜鸟类栖息觅食的生态修复示范区。本项研究自2009年8月至2010年6月,跟踪监测了生态修复示范区内的植被生长参数(株高、密度、叶面积指数、地上生物量)、水体质量参数(氮磷营养盐和叶绿素a含量)以及土壤环境参数(电导率、pH值和重金属含量),分析和评价了该工程实施后的生态修复效果。结果表明,生态修复措施有效促进了本地物种芦苇群落的生长,一定程度上明显改善了示范区内的水体质量,维持了土壤重金属的低污染状态,有利于鸟类生物多样性的提高。说明南汇东滩鸟类栖息地营造工程取得了初步成效,呈现出较好的湿地修复效果。同时,应采取刈割与水位调节技术抑制外来物种互花米草,控制生态养殖规模,进一步改善鸟类栖息地生境质量。     

溪洛渡、向家坝水库建设运行对下游鱼类栖息地的影响研究

为科学评估水库建设运行对鱼类栖息地的影响，以向家坝、溪洛渡水库下游的长江朱沱段为研究区域、“四大家鱼”为目标鱼类，耦合二维水动力数学模型与鱼类栖息地适宜性指数方法，模拟水库建设运行前后“四大家鱼”产卵期4～7月长江朱沱段流速、水深空间分布，对比分析水库建设运行对栖息地流速、水深适宜性以及栖息地适宜性、可利用面积的影响。结果表明：溪洛渡、向家坝水库建设运行后的“调峰补枯”,有助于增加长江朱沱段“四大家鱼”产卵期4～7月的栖息地可利用面积；栖息地可利用面积随着流量增加而先增加、后减少，栖息地存在一个最适宜流量，该流量下栖息地可利用面积最大。研究成果为科学评估水电开发的环境影响、优化水库调度提供技术支撑。