绿色营销:饭店营销新思路

现代社会在享有物质空前繁盛、经济飞速发展成果的同时,也酿下了诸如资源匮乏、污染严重、水土流失、温室效应等副产品的苦酒.生存环境的危机引发了人类对自身行为的反思.     

夏季食物中毒应急措施

食物中毒通常指吃了含有有毒物质或变质的肉类、水产品、蔬菜、植物或化学品后,感觉肠胃不舒服,往往伴有发烧、恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻等症状,吐泻严重者可因脱水、休克而危及生命。     

沥青中毒的防治

沥青是一种棕黑色有机胶凝状物质,有液体、半固体和固体3种形态,能完全溶于二硫化碳,其主要成分为烃类混合物,主要用于涂料、塑料、橡胶等工业以及铺筑路面等。其一般分为天然沥青、石油沥青、页岩沥青和煤焦沥青4种,而日常生活中我们所接触的主要是煤焦沥青、石油沥青和天然沥青3种。     

生活细节决定健康

运动后别吃荤 人在运动后会感到疲乏,主要原因是体内的糖、脂肪、蛋白质被大量分解产生乳酸等酸性物质,此时若单纯食用肉、鱼、虾等酸性食物,会使体液更加酸性化,不利于解除疲劳.如果食用蔬菜、甘薯、苹果之类的碱性食物,就能很快解除疲劳.     

突发事件现场警戒区域的研究

阐述了事故危险区域、现场警戒区域的基本概念、设置目的和原则,提出将突发事故现场警戒区域分为三层,分别对应现场封锁线、警戒封锁线和交通封锁线,并就吸入毒性危害物质泄漏、燃气泄漏、建筑物火灾等事故,制定了具体的设置方法。现场警戒区域的设定,可在较小成本投入的前提下,通过采取积极的防范和应对措施,有效减少人员伤亡和财产损失,提高救援效率和效果。     

Transformations of particles, metal elements and natural organic matter in different water treatment processes

Characterizing natural organic matter （NOM）, particles and elements in different water treatment processes can give a useful information to optimize water treatment operations. In this article, transformations of particles, metal elements and NOM in a pilot-scale water treatment plant were investigated by laser light granularity system, particle counter, glass-fiber membrane filtration, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy, ultra filtration and resin absorbents fractionation. The results showed that particles, NOM and trihalomethane formation precursors were removed synergistically by sequential treatment of different processes. Preozonation markedly changed the polarity and molecular weight of NOM, and it could be conducive to the following coagulation process through destabilizing particles and colloids; mid-ozonation enhanced the subsequent granular activated carbon （GAC） filtration process by decreasing molecular weight of organic matters. Coagulation-flotation and GAC were more efficient in removing fixed suspended solids and larger particles; while sand-filtration was more efficient in removing volatile suspended solids and smaller particles. Flotation performed better than sedimentation in terms of particle and NOM removal. The type of coagulant could greatly affect the performance of coagulation-flotation. Pre-hydrolyzed composite coagulant （HPAC） was superior to FeCl3 concerning the removals of hydrophobic dissolved organic carbon and volatile suspended solids. The leakages of flocs from sand-filtration and microorganisms from GAC should be mitigated to ensure the reliability of the whole treatment system.     

Organic matter and concentrated nitrogen removal by shortcut nitrification and denitrification from mature municipal landfill leachate

An UASB＋Anoxic/Oxic （A/O） system was introduced to treat a mature landfill leachate with low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and high ammonia concentration. To make the best use of the biodegradable COD in the leaehate, the denitrifieation of NOx^--N in the reeireulation effluent from the elarifier was carried out in the UASB. The results showed that most biodegradable organic matters were removed by the denitrifieation in the UASB. The NH4^＋-N loading rate （ALR） of A/O reactor and operational temperature was 0.28- 0.60 kg NH4^＋-N/（m^3-d） and 17-29℃ during experimental period, respectively. The short-cut nitrification with nitrite accumulation efficiency of 90%-99% was stabilized during the whole experiment. The NH4^＋-N removal efficiency varied between 90% and 100%. When ALR was less than 0.45 kg NH4^＋-N/（m^3.d）, the NH4^＋-N removal efficiency was more than 98%. With the influent NH4^＋-N of 1200-1800 mg/L, the effluent NH4^＋-N was less than 15 mg/L. The shortcut nitrification and denitrifieation can save 40% carbon source, with a highly efficient denitrifieation taking place in the UASB. When the ratio of the feed COD to feed NH4^＋-N was only 2-3, the total inorganic nitrogen （TIN） removal efficiency attained 67%-80%. Besides, the sludge samples from A/O reactor were analyzed using FISH. The FISH analysis revealed that ammonia oxidation bacteria （AOB） accounted for 4% of the total eubaeterial population, whereas nitrite oxidation bacteria （NOB） accounted only for 0.2% of the total eubaeterial population.     

物质流指标下的工业经济解耦问题研究

随着经济的快速发展,资源约束下环境问题日益突出,生态文明建设要求社会经济系统在经济增长的同时,环境和资源日益改善以满足循环经济的发展需求。为改善经济增长与环境资源状况的耦合现状,需要分析工业经济增长与矿产资源消耗、固废及废气排放的耦合程度。本文基于低碳试点省市工业系统的化石能源、矿产资源消耗统计和CO2排放测算,确定各省市工业系统物质流输入输出指标,采用解耦权重图解法对主要指标的组成部分分别赋予权重,并结合指数时间序列分析各指标组成部分的解耦程度。结果表明,试点省市工业总产值的快速增长是以较高的碳排放为前提,并且碳排放对工业经济增长的解耦贡献逐年升高,控制碳排放的关键在于进一步优化工业能源消耗模式,提高能源利用效率,降低能源强度并适度引入清洁能源。因此应从能源消费结构优化、矿产资源利用率提升等方面积极转变发展方式,以达到碳排放、固体废弃物减排等目标,实现中国工业经济的绿色增长,保障生态文明建设的顺利进行。     

工业园区循环经济绩效评价方法研究

针对当前循环经济绩效内涵不明确,评价指标体系多局限于对循环经济发展水平等循环经济绩效评价中存在的问题,在系统归纳总结该领域研究现状基础上,明确了循环经济绩效的概念;进一步构建了基于生态效率-物质流分析的循环经济绩效评估指标体系,利用模糊数学和灰色聚类方法分别建立了循环经济绩效评估模型;最后,以上海化工园区和南通农药化学工业园为案例,对2个园区循环经济绩效进行评估。结果表明:从理论和方法上,构建的工业园区循环经济绩效评价指标体系是适用的;模糊综合评价和灰色聚类评价的结果存在一定的差异,模糊评价结果更为合理,而且该模型可以直观地表示出园区循环经济绩效的优劣势所在。进而,以上海化工园区作为标杆,针对南通农药化学工业园存在的资源效率偏低等问题,提出若干循环经济绩效改进措施。     

铜陵市资源利用与经济增长关系分析

资源利用与经济增长之间的关系是资源与环境经济学研究的重要领域。以安徽省铜陵市为例,尝试运用物质流分析方法以及最新发展的自回归分布滞后模型（ARDL）对铜陵市1990~2008年资源利用和实际GDP二者关系进行检验和分析。采用了物质流分析指标中直接物质投入来表征区域资源利用量。ARDL边界检验结果表明了资源利用和经济增长间存在稳定的长期均衡关系。进一步通过ARDL-ECM模型分析了区域经济增长对资源利用长期弹性系数和短期弹性系数,并揭示出资源利用对经济增长的短期和长期因果关系。研究结果表明当前资源投入在一定程度上拉动了铜陵经济增长。同时还对铜陵经济增长和资源保护战略提出了政策建议