焦化硫铵干燥系统加热器的技术改造

针对杭钢焦化硫铵生产线硫铵干燥系统的煤气燃烧器空气加热装置存在的弊端进行了技术改造，并取得了成功。     

9种补脑健脑食物

<正>随着年纪的增长,记忆力好像也越来越差了!下面推荐的9款平日常见的食物,具有较强的补脑健脑功效,日常饮食中可适当补充。鸡蛋大脑活动功能、记忆力强弱与大脑中乙酰胆碱含量密切相关。实验证明,吃鸡蛋的妙处在于:当蛋黄中所含丰富的卵磷脂被酶分解后,能产生出丰富的乙酰胆碱,进入血液又会很快到达脑组织中,可增强记忆力。国外研究证实,每天吃一两个鸡蛋就可以向机体供给足够的胆碱,对保护大脑、提高记忆力大有好处。     

二氧化硫烟气碱吸收液低温催化歧化的研究

为实现低浓度二氧化硫烟气处理过程中硫的资源化,提出了一种新型二氧化硫烟气净化技术,即二氧化硫碱吸收-低温催化制备硫黄和硫酸氢钠工艺.该工艺首先采用碱液直接吸收净化二氧化硫烟气,再通过低温催化碱吸收液获得含硫产品,实现了硫的资源化.首先通过热力学计算证明了碱吸收液中亚硫酸氢钠的歧化反应在低温条件(＜100℃)下发生的可行性.然后研究了反应物浓度对吸收过程和歧化反应过程的影响,结果表明,增加反应物浓度可加快歧化反应速率.此外,研究了硫黄产品的脱稳过程,结果表明,当脱稳加热时间为6h时,硫黄产率可达到95.97％,所得硫黄产品为纯度较高的单斜硫.该催化过程为固—液—固反应,兼具了多相反应与均相反应的优点.     

NaOH碱促热解磷酸铵镁产物沉氨性能研究

药剂费用过高是阻碍磷酸铵镁结晶技术应用的难题之一,通过磷酸铵镁热解产物循环沉氨可降低药剂费用.但湿法热解会生成热稳定性更好的NH4MgPO4·H2O,从而增加了磷酸铵镁热解的能耗.采用干法热解时,由于不引入额外的水分子,可以降低磷酸铵镁的热解温度.同时,在磷酸铰镁热解过程中加入NaOH碱促试剂,可有效促进磷酸铵镁释放NH4+,提高热解产物的沉氨效率,但同时上清液磷酸盐残留量也随NaOH添加量和热解温度提高而增加.热解温度为110℃时,直接热解产物沉氨效率为84％,而NaOH碱促热解产物沉氨率达到87％(NaOH与NH4+物质的量比为1:1),但此时上清液磷酸盐残留质量浓度达到2.3 mg/L,略高于GB 8978-1996《国家污水综合排放标准》的1.0 mg/L,方便废水的后续处理.     

ASBR-SBR工艺处理丙烯酸吸水树脂生产废水的研究

将ASBR-SBR工艺用于丙烯酸吸水树脂生产废水的处理.研究了ASBR反应器厌氧消化时间对废水CODcr去除性能和对后续SBR处理效果的影响.结果表明,厌氧消化24h,既可去除大部分有机物,又可保持出水较好的可生化性,为后续SBR工艺运行提供了良好的进水条件.通过实验确定了SBR反应器的最佳运行工艺,进水搅拌3h、曝气8h、沉淀1h、出水2h、闲置1h,CODcr总去除率为96.56％,出水CODcr＜500 mg/L,满足当地接管标准.     

离子交换树脂处理铜冶炼废水中Cu(Ⅱ)的研究

为了探究铜冶炼废水中Cu2+的处理方法,本文选用D851型离子交换树脂处理废水中的Cu2+,通过离子交换树脂静态吸附实验确定了该树脂的最佳使用条件,最佳反应时间为60min,最佳反应温度为35℃,最佳反应p H值为5.5。     

1株耐冷兼性嗜碱好氧反硝化菌的分离鉴定及反硝化特性

以传统微生物富集分离方法,从垃圾渗滤液活性污泥中筛选到1株高效好氧反硝化菌,通过形态观察、生理生化特征及16S rDNA序列分析,对菌株进行了鉴定,同时对其好氧反硝化特性和异养硝化功能进行了研究.结果表明,筛选到的好氧反硝化菌株为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.),命名为GL19,GenBank登录号为(KC710974).碳源、C/N、pH及温度对菌株反硝化活性影响较大.在柠檬酸钠为碳源、C/N不低于15、pH 6~10、溶解氧(DO)4.8~7.7 mg·L-1及温度为15~34℃,硝酸盐氮负荷为140 mg·L-1的条件下,硝酸盐去除率均达100%,总氮(TN)平均去除率为96.5%,最终无亚硝酸盐积累;菌株能以亚硝酸盐氮、氨氮为底物进行高效脱氮,20 h内可将140 mg·L-1的亚硝酸盐氮完全去除,28 h内可将280 mg·L-1的氨氮降至3.11 mg·L-1,氨氮去除率达98.9%.显示该菌具有耐冷、高效脱氮特性,可实现同步硝化反硝化,这对南方地区冬季废水处理具有潜在应用价值.     

Performance and microbial diversity of an expanded granular sludge bed reactor for high sulfate and nitrate waste brine treatment

The disposal of waste brines has become a major challenge that hinders the wide application of ion- exchange resins in the water industry in recent decades. In this study, high sulfate removal efficiency （80%-90%） was achieved at the influent sulfate concentration of 3600 mg/L and 3% NaC1 after 145 days in an expanded granular sludge bed （EGSB） reactor. Furthermore, the feasibility of treating synthetic waste brine containing high levels of sulfate and nitrate was investigated in a single EGSB reactor during an operation period of 261 days. The highest nitrate and sulfate loading rate reached 6.38 and 5.78 kg/（m3-day） at SO42--S/NO3-N mass ratio of 4/3, and the corresponding removal efficiency was 99.97% and 82.26% at 3% NaC1, respectively. Meanwhile, 454-pyrosequencing technology was used to analyze the bacterial diversity of the sludge on the 240th day for stable operation of phase X. Results showed that a total of 9194 sequences were obtained, which could be affiliated to 14 phyla, including Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Chlorobi, Bacteroidetes, Synergistetes and so on. Proteobacteria （77.66%） was the dominant microbial population, followed by Firmicutes （12.23%） and Chlorobi （2.71%）.     

Simultaneous removal of dissolved organic matter and bromide from drinking water source by anion exchange resins for controlling disinfection by-products

Anion exchange resins （AERs） with different properties were evaluated for their ability to remove dissolved organic matter （DOM） and bromide, and to reduce disinfection by-product （DBP） formation potentials of water collected from a eutrophic surface water source in Japan. DOM and bromide were simultaneously removed by all selected AERs in batch adsorption experiments. A polyacrylic magnetic ion exchange resin （MIEX） showed faster dissolved organic carbon （DOC） removal than other AERs because it had the smallest resin bead size. Aromatic DOM fractions with molecular weight larger than 1600 Da and fluorescent organic fractions of fulvic acid- and humic acid-like compounds were efficiently removed by all AERs. Polystyrene AERs were more effective in bromide removal than polyacrylic AERs. This result implied that the properties of AERs, i.e. material and resin size, influenced not only DOM removal but also bromide removal efficiency, MIEX showed significant chlorinated DBP removal because it had the highest DOC removal within 30 rain, whereas polystyrene AERs efficiently removed brominated DBPs, especially brominated trihalomethane species. The results suggested that, depending on source water DOM and bromide concentration, selecting a suitable AER is a key factor in effective control of chlorinated and brominated DBPs in drinking water.     

危险化学品活性反应危害及混配危险的规则研究(Ⅸ)

胺 活性特点: 胺可以看作氨分子中的氢原子被烃基取代而生成的化合物.胺中氮原子的电子构型是1S22S22P3,氮在氨和胺分子中是不等性的SP3杂化状态,其中3个杂化轨道与氢原子或烃基的碳原子形成3个σ键,第4个杂化轨道中还有一对未共用的电子,即(RH2N:).由于氮原子上有一孤电子对能与质子结合,呈现出胺的碱性,而氨分子中的氢原子被烷基取代后,连接在氮原子上的烷基是供电子性基团,可使胺离子正电荷分散而稳定.铵正离子愈稳定说明胺的碱性愈强,所以脂肪胺的碱性比氨强,与酸接触会生成盐;而芳香胺的碱性比脂肪胺和氨都弱,这是由于芳胺中的氮原子上的孤电子对与苯环的π电子组成共轭体系,产生了电子的离域,使氮原子上的孤电子对向苯环离域,铵离子正电荷更加集中,这样氮原子上的电荷密度减少,接受质子的能力降低,因此碱性减弱.在芳香胺中,氮原子上连的苯环愈多,其孤电子对向苯环离域愈多,则碱性随之降低,只有在与强酸作用时生成盐,且生成的盐在水溶液中完全水解.三苯胺已接近中性,即使和强酸也不能生成盐.