实验室分析在突发环境事件中的作用

简述了当前我国对环境突发事件的应急监测技术的现状,提出了实验室分析在应急监测中的作用,指出监测分析测试技术的基础性研究、全国环境污染事故应急监测技术中心的建立、各区域危险污染源数据库的建立、建立统一的技术规范以及应急人员的技术储备将是近期我国处理突发环境事件的关键。     

油污染地下水原位生物修复试验研究

石油产品污染土壤和地下水已成为当前全球共同面临的一个严峻问题。根据油污染地下水的特点,采用地下水原位生物修复技术进行处理。实验结果表明原位生物修复技术处理地下水效果显著,水中COD去除率可达95%,油类去除率也达90%以上,是一种十分有效的地下水处理技术。     

Degradation of chlorpyrifos in laboratory soil and its impact on soil microbial functional diversity

Degradation of chlorpyrifos at different concentrations in soil and its impact on soil microbial functional diversity were investigated under laboratory conditions. The degradation half-lives of chlorpyrifos at levels of 4, 8, and 12 mg/kg in soil were calculated to be 14.3, 16.7, and 18.0 d, respectively. The Biolog study showed that average well color development (AWCD) in soils was significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited by chlorpyrifos within the first two weeks and thereafter recovered to the similar level as the control. A similar variation in the diversity indices (Simpson index 1/D and McIntosh index U) in chlorpyrifos-treated soils was observed, no significant difference in the Shannon-Wiener index H' was found in these soils. With increasing chlorpyrifos concentration, the half-lives of chlorpyrifos were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) extended and its inhibitory effects on soil microorganisms were aggravated. It is concluded that chlorpyrifos residues in soil had a temporary or short-term inhibitory effect on soil microbial functional diversity.     

Microbiological parameters and maturity degree during composting of Posidonia oceanica residues mixed with vegetable wastes in semi-arid pedo-climatic condition

The aim of this study was to characterize the biological stability and maturity degree of compost during a controlled pile-composting trial of mixed vegetable residues (VR) collected from markets of Tunis City with residues of Posidonia oceanica (PoR), collected from Tunis beaches. The accumulation in beaches (as well as their removal) constitutes a serious environmental problem in all Mediterranean countries particularly in Tunisia. Aerobic-thermophilic composting is the most reasonable way to profit highly-valuable content of organic matter in these wastes for agricultural purposes. The physical, chemical, and biological parameters were monitored during composting over 150 d. The most appropriate parameters were selected to establish the maturity degree. The main result of this research was the deduction of the following maturity criterion: (a) C/N ratio < 15; (b) NH₄⁺-N < 400 mg/kg; (c) CO₂-C < 2000 mg CO₂-C/kg; (d) dehydrogenase activity < 1 mg TPF/g dry matter; (e) germination index (GI) > 80%. These five parameters, considered jointly are indicative of a high maturity degree and thus of a high-quality organic amendment which employed in a rational way, may improve soil fertility and soil quality. The mature compost was relatively rich in N (13.0 g/kg), P (4.74 g/kg) and MgO (15.80 g/kg). Thus composting definitively constitutes the most optimal option to exploit these wastes.     

美国气候行动合作组织

美国气候行动合作组织（USCAP）成立于2007年1月22日,是美国各大企业自发组成的一个经济领域非政府联盟。     

森林伦理组织

森林伦理组织（FE）成立于2000年,是一个非赢利性的环境保护组织。成员主要分布在美国和加拿大。FE不仅以保护濒临消失的野生森林、野生动物为己任,同时也积极关注那些依赖这些环境和资源生存的人类的生活状况。从生物多样性的保护到水质监测,再到遏制全球气候变暖。FE始终坚信保护地球是我们每个人的责任。     

滇池流域气候特征研究

采用滇池流域5个站点的气象资料对滇池流域气候特征进行统计分析.滇池流域冬季最低温度不低于7℃,夏季最高温度不超过20℃,冬夏温差较小,适于居住.滇池流域内,滇池沿岸的站点冬夏温差相对远离流域的其它站点要小.近40多a来,滇池流域冬、夏及年气温呈现年际振荡的变化分布,滇池流域气温呈现出明显的上升趋势,且冬季增温最为明显.滇池流域的风向全年均以西南风为主,夏季滇池流域南、北部还受南风的影响,其西部受东风的影响,而东、东北部分别受东南、东北风的影响.滇池流域雨季主要从5月开始,夏季和年降水量较大的昆明、嵩明站均位于滇池流域主要风向-西南风的下风方向.     

近48a宁夏寒潮的变化特征及可能影响的成因初步分析

利用1961—2008年宁夏日温度及逐月北半球500 hPa环流特征量、北极涛动指数(AOI)和NCAR/NCEP再分析资料,对宁夏寒潮频次变化的气候特征进行了分析,并对影响其变化的可能原因进行了讨论,结果表明:宁夏寒潮活动各地差异较大,主要出现在春季;近48年,春秋季寒潮频次呈弱增加趋势,冬季呈弱减少趋势;寒潮频次与AOI、气温呈负相关,与西伯利亚高压、东亚冬季风强度及入侵中国的冷空气活动频次呈正相关,相关关系在秋冬季明显,春季不明显;在气候变暖的大背景下,从20世纪80年代末开始,随着AOI从负位相转为正位相,冬季西伯利亚高压和东亚冬季风强度的减弱使得宁夏地表温度持续升高,是宁夏冬季寒潮频次减少的可能原因;春季也有类似的变化,不同的是:20世纪80年代中期以前,西伯利亚高压对寒潮活动作用更显著,之后,随气温持续增暖,冷空气活动对寒潮频次的影响更明显;秋季,西伯利亚高压和冷空气活动对寒潮的影响更直接明显。研究还发现,进入21世纪后,随着全球持续增暖,北极涛动对西伯利亚高压和东亚冬季风的影响有所减弱。因此,北极涛动、西伯利亚高压、冷空气活动频次、东亚冬季风、气温这几者之间的相互反馈作用是宁夏寒潮频次变化的可能原因。     

气候变化阴影里的中国农村妇女

无法忽视的＂脆弱性＂ 气候变暖引发的全球气候危机正成为威胁全人类的一个严峻挑战。干旱、风暴、洪水、冰川融化及海平面上升等气候变化导致的各种灾害不仅愈来愈频繁,而且也越来越严重。     

海伦地区水热耦合特征及其对大豆产量的影响

农业是受气候变化影响的主要敏感行业之一,气候变暖带来的气温升高以及降水格局的改变对农作物生产有利有弊。论文基于黑龙江海伦地区1978—2004年生长季≥10℃有效积温、降水量和统计年鉴中的大豆产量数据,以积温和降水在季节上的匹配程度作为判断水热耦合的指标,采用气候波动指数、减产风险指数作为大豆产量受气候波动影响程度的指标,研究了在生长季降水量下降和≥10℃有效积温增加的趋势下水热耦合的年际和年内变化特征及其对大豆产量的影响,并分析了偏干旱、正常和湿润年份大豆产量受气候波动影响的特征和减产风险性。结果表明,大豆气候波动指数和产量减产风险指数从大到小均依次为偏干旱年、偏湿润年和正常年,说明海伦地区受气候暖干化影响较大。