过程安全管理关键要素——测量和指标探讨

介绍了过程安全管理关键要素"测量和指标"的主要内容,探讨了过程安全绩效指标的重要性、原理、分级、设置和用途,并以变更管理为例列举了过程安全绩效指标示例,为过程安全绩效指标设置提供借鉴。     

HSE管理体系增值审核的探讨

探讨了增值审核的概念,提出开展HSE管理体系增值审核的方法。     

多种发电过程的大气污染物排放比较及环境影响

通过调研计算了多种发电设备(燃气轮机、内燃机、燃料电池、锅炉—气轮机组等)功率及发电量对应的NOX、SOX、粉尘等大气污染物的排放量,对不同发电设备排放的污染物对环境的影响进行分析和评价。本文工作有助于了解各种不同发电设备的污染物排放量的大小以及它对环境污染影响程度。     

盐度对好氧颗粒污泥硝化过程中N2O产生量的影响

采用好氧SBR反应器,考察盐度在0、5、10 g·L-1条件下好氧颗粒污泥全程硝化过程中N2O产生量的变化情况以及对系统脱氮效果的影响.结果显示,随着污水中盐度增加,N2O产生量呈递增趋势.在3个盐度下(0、5、10 g·L-1),溶解态N2O产生量分别为1.21、8.99、24.81 mg·m-3,释放态N2O产生量分别为0.95、3.46、16.45 mg·m-3.在盐度为5 g·L-1和10g·L-1条件下,N2O释放速率分别为0 g·L-1时的3.6倍和17.4倍.在3种盐度条件下无论是溶解态N2O还是释放态N2O产生量在硝化过程的变化趋势均是先上升后下降,且溶解态N2O产生量大于释放态产量.另外当盐度浓度较低时(低于5 g·L-1),对NH+4-N去除效果影响较小,NH+4-N的去除率与盐度为0 g·L-1时基本相同,均在98%以上;但当盐度升至10 g·L-1后,NH+4-N的去除率降到了70%.因此,污水中盐度增加不仅影响NH+4-N的去除效率,而且增加N2O产生量.     

Gas separation using porous cement membrane

Gas separation is a key issue in various industrial fields. Hydrogen has the potential for application in clean fuel technologies. Therefore, the separation and purification of hydrogen is an important research subject. CO2 capture and storage have important roles in ＂green chemistry＂. As an effective clean technology, gas separation using inorganic membranes has attracted much attention in the last several decades. Membrane processes have many applications in the field of gas separation. Cement is one type of inorganic material, with the advantages of a lower cost and a longer lifespan. An experimental setup has been created and improved to measure twenty different cement membranes. The purpose of this work was to investigate the influence of gas molecule properties on the material transport and to explore the influence of operating conditions and membrane composition on separation efficiency. The influences of the above parameters are determined, the best conditions and membrane type are found, it is shown that cementitious material has the ability to separate gas mixtures, and the gas transport mechanism is studied.     

Heterogeneous Fenton-like degradation of 4-chlorophenol using iron/ordered mesoporous carbon catalyst

Ordered mesoporous carbon supported iron catalysts(Fe/OMC) were prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method and investigated in Fenton-like degradation of 4-chlorophenol(4CP) in this work. XRD and TEM characterization showed that the iron oxides were well dispersed on the OMC support and grew bigger with the increasing calcination temperature. The catalyst prepared with a lower calcination temperature showed higher decomposition efficiency towards 4CP and H2O2, but more metals were leached. The effect of different operational parameters such as initial pH, H2O2 dosage, and reaction temperature on the catalytic activity was evaluated. The results showed that 96.1% of 4CP and 47.4% of TOC was removed after 270 min at 30°C, initial pH of 3 and 6.6 mmol/L H2O2. 88% of 4CP removal efficiency was retained after three successive runs, indicating Fe/OMC a stable catalyst for Fenton reaction. 4CP was degraded predominately by the attack of hydroxyl radical formed on the catalyst surface and in the bulk solution due to iron leaching. Based on the degradation intermediates detected by high performance liquid chromatography, possible oxidation pathways were proposed during the 4CP degradation.     

Knudsen cell and smog chamber study of the heterogeneous uptake of sulfur dioxide on Chinese mineral dust

The heterogeneous uptake processes of sulfur dioxide on two types of Chinese mineral dust（Inner Mongolia desert dust and Xinjiang sierozem） were investigated using both Knudsen cell and smog chamber system. The temperature dependence of the uptake coefficients was studied over a range from 253 to 313 K using the Knudsen cell reactor, the initial uptake coefficients decreased with the increasing of temperature for these two mineral dust samples, whereas the steady state uptake coefficients of the Xinjiang sierozem increased with the temperature increasing, and these temperature dependence functions were obtained for the first time. In the smog chamber experiments at room temperature, the steady state uptake coefficients of SO2 decreased evidently with the increasing of sulfur dioxide initial concentration from 1.72 × 1012 to 6.15 × 1012mol/cm3. Humid air had effect on the steady state uptake coefficients of SO2 onto Inner Mongolia desert dust.Consequences about the understanding of the uptake processes onto mineral dust samples and the environmental implication were also discussed.     

Comparison of different disinfection processes in the effective removal of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes

This study compared three different disinfection processes(chlorination, E-beam, and ozone) and the efficacy of three oxidants(H2O2, S2O-8, and peroxymonosulfate(MPS)) in removing antibiotic resistant bacteria(ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs) in a synthetic wastewater. More than30 mg/L of chlorine was needed to remove over 90% of ARB and ARG. For the E-beam method, only1 dose(kGy) was needed to remove ARB and ARG, and ozone could reduce ARB and ARG by more than 90% even at 3 mg/L ozone concentration. In the ozone process, CT values(concentration × time)were compared for ozone alone and combined with different catalysts based on the 2-log removal of ARB and ARG. Ozone treatment yielded a value of 31 and 33(mg·min)/L for ARB and ARGs respectively. On the other hand, ozone with persulfate yielded 15.9 and 18.5(mg·min)/L while ozone with monopersulfate yielded a value of 12 and 14.5(mg·min)/L. This implies that the addition of these catalysts significantly reduces the contact time to achieve a 2-log removal, thus enhancing the process in terms of its kinetics.     

循环经济概念及其影响

<正>循环经济是在可持续发展的思想指导下,按照清洁生产的方式,对能源及其废弃物实行综合利用的生产活动过程。它要求把经济活动组成一个"资源—产品—消费—再生资源"的反馈式流程。其本质是一种生态经济。它要求运用生态     

浅谈如何上好小学音乐欣赏课

《义务教育音乐课程标准》指出:"音乐课要培养音乐感受与欣赏能力,初步养成良好的音乐欣赏习惯。"针对音乐学科的特征,从音乐美学的角度对音乐欣赏的教学策略作分析和探讨,旨在让学生能真正体验音乐的美和美的音乐,得到艺术的熏陶。