建筑节能

建筑节能是当今社会的热点问题。在中国,建筑用能约占商品能供应总量的1/3,并且有逐年增长的趋势。目前,中国既有的建筑面积已经超过400亿平方米,预计至2020年,城镇建筑面积将增加150亿平方米,而由此增加的建筑能耗约为上亿吨标煤。由此可见,建筑用能将是中国节能潜力巨大的领域之一。     

室内装修污染的危害及处理方法

在我国经济迅速发展的同时,人们内室内装修的要求也越来越高,但是建筑、装饰装修、家具等使用的材料中含有大量的有害物质,造成的室内环境污染,已成为影响人们健康的一大杀手。如何避免装修污染对人体带来的危害成为我们关注的一个焦点。     

Noise Impact and Improvement on Indoors Acoustic Comfort for the Building Adjacent to Heavy Traffic Road

A good acoustic environment is absolutely essential to maintaining a high level satisfaction and moral health among residents. Noise and other boresome sounds come from both in- door and outdoor sources. For the residential buildings adjacent to heavy traffic roads, outdoors traffic noise is the main source that affects indoor acoustic quality and health. Ventilation and outdoor noise prevention become a pair of contradictions for the residents in China nowadays for those buildings adjacent to heavy traffic roads. It is investigated that traffic noise emission is mainly con- stituted by the motors of trucks, buses and motorcycles as well as brake. In this paper, two methods of traffic noise reduction on the indoor sound environment and comfort are carried out to study and compare the residential buildings adjacent to heavy traffic roadway in a city. One is to install noise barriers on the two sides of the roadway, which consist of sound-proof glass and plas- tic materials. The effect of sound-insulation of this method is heavily dependent on the relative distance between the noise bar- rier and indoors. A reduction of sound with an average pressure level of 2–15dB is achieved on the places behind and under the noise barrier. However, for the equivalent of noise barrier height, the noise reduction effect is little. As for the places of higher than the noise barrier, the traffic noise will be even strengthened by 3–7dB. Noise increment can be seen at the points of distance farther than 15m and height more than noise barrier; the noise reduction effect is not satisfactory or even worsened. In addition, not every location is appropriate to install the noise barrier along the heavy traffic roads. The other method of noise reduction for the buildings adjacent to heavy traffic is to install the airproof and soundproof windows, which is the conversion from natural venti- lation to mechanical ventilation. A reduction of sound with an average pressure level of 5dB to 17dB can be achieved compared with common glass windows, if adopting sound proof glass win- dows. These two methods are helpful to isolate high frequency noise but not for low frequency noise. For those frequency noises, installing thick and cotton curtain and porous carpet can only decrease 2.4–4.5dB, which hardly contributes to indoor sound comfort, so further study is demanded to cut down traffic noise, especially to cut down the low frequency noise.     

长沙酒店室内植物景观中的植物材料调查

在对长沙20多家不同星级酒店应用植物材料进行调查中,对植物的种类和频度进行了归纳和总结:20个酒店室内所用的植物有90种左右,其中占总用量48.54%的室内植物依次集中在天南星科(14.73%)、龙舌兰科(9.11%)、棕榈科(8.98%)、百合科(6.74%)、大戬科(4.49%)和桑科(4.49%)等6个科的42个属中.调查中发现长沙各个星级酒店应用的植物种类差异较大,应用20种以上的酒店都是四星级、五星级的酒店,三星级酒店植物应用种类在10种左右.对长沙酒店室内植物材料的应用特色进行了分析和探讨,得出长沙酒店室内植物以观叶植物为主、注重室内植物体量问题、注重室内植物的文化特征等结论,提出了长沙酒店室内植物应用需增加室内植物品种,增加观花、观果植物种类并应增强植物的养护管理等建议.图12,参10.     

新装修住房室内空气污染调查分析

为了解新装修后居室内空气污染状况及污染物来源,对12套普通新装修住宅测定了居室内空气中甲醛、氨浓度.结果表明:12套新装修住宅共测定样品47件,样品合格率为21.3%,其中装修后家具装饰齐全的住宅样品合格率最低;新装修居室空气中甲醛浓度的降低是一个长期缓慢的过程;大量使用易挥发甲醛的装饰材料(人造板材)造成新装修居室空气中甲醛污染严重.     

室内灰尘中多环芳烃及其衍生物的赋存与人体暴露研究进展

多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)作为典型的持久性有机污染物(persistent organic pollutants,POPs)中的重要类别,具有半挥发性、生物蓄积性、长期残留性和明显的毒性(包括致癌、致畸、致突变)等特点,因此是环境中的一类重要污染物.PAHs衍...     

胶合板VOC释放率测量及其对室内环境影响评价

以胶合板为研究对象,采用1m3气候箱模拟室内环境,利用气相色谱质谱联用仪(GC-MS),研究胶合板挥发性有机化合物(VOC)的释放规律.同时,对胶合板VOC释放量进行定量分析,依据《室内环境质量评价标准》对该胶合板被利用到室内环境可能造成的污染进行评价.结果表明,在释放初期,各类化合物及TVOC质量浓度较大,后逐渐下降,在第14 d基本稳定,其中以芳香烃类化合物和烷烃类化合物的质量浓度下降最为迅速,第28 d胶合板VOC释放量为稳定值,被用于定量分析胶合板VOC的释放水平.单独使用该胶合板的室内空气质量满足室内空气品质等级的一级标准.同时确定了单位体积空间的室内环境中该胶合板可利用的暴露面积为6m2.     

室内环境污染与人体健康

主要介绍了室内环境污染的来源及对人类健康的影响、污染物的监测方法，并针对我国的实际情况提出控制室内污染的措施。     

流速对太湖铜绿微囊藻生长的影响

通过室内模拟试验研究了不同流速条件对太湖水中铜绿微囊藻生长的影响.结果表明:在温度为25 ℃、[光]照度为3 300 lx、光暗比为10 h: 14 h的条件下,流速在0～75 cm·s-1范围内,适合藻类生长的最佳流速条件为u=30 cm·s-1,当流速u＜30 cm·s-1或u＞30 cm·s-1时,藻类生长均受到不同程度的影响.尤其当流速u≥50 cm·s-1时,藻类生长受到明显限制,数量无明显增加.