BTEX pollution caused by motorcycles in the megacity of HoChiMinh

Monitoring of benzene, toluene and xylenes (BTEX) was conducted along with traffic counts at 17 roadside sites in urban areas of HoChiMinh. Toluene was the most abundant substance, followed by p,m-xylenes, benzene, o-xylene and ethylbenzene. The maximum observed hour-average benzene concentration was 254 μg/m3 . Motorcycles contributed to 91% of the traffic fleet. High correlations among BTEX species, between BTEX concentrations and the volume of on-road motorcycles, and between inter-species ratios in air and in gasoline indicate the motorcycle-exhaust origin of BTEX species. Daily concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, p,m-xylenes and o-xylene were 56, 121, 21, 64 and 23 μg/m 3 , respectively. p,m-xylenes possess the highest ozone formation potential among the BTEX family.     

Modeling the influence of ethanol on the adsorption and desorption of selected BTEX compounds on bentonite and kaolin

The study investigated the effects of ethanol on the adsorption properties of bentonite and kaolin for benzene and toluene removal.     

Groundwater contamination and natural attenuation capacity at a petroleum spilled facility in Korea

As a remedial option, the natural attenuation capacity of a petroleum contaminated groundwater at a military facility was examined. Hydrogeological conditions, such as high water level, permeable uppermost layer and frequent heavy rainfall, were favorable to natural attenuation at this site. The changes in the concentrations of electron acceptors and donors, as well as the relevant hydrochemical conditions, indicated the occurrence of aerobic respiration, denitrification, iron reduction, manganese reduction and sulfate reduction. The calculated BTEX expressed biodegradation capacity ranged between 20.52 and 33.67 mg/L, which appeared effective for the reduction of the contaminants levels. The contribution of each electron accepting process to the total biodegradation was in the order: denitrification > iron reduction > sulfate reduction > aerobic respiration > manganese reduction. The BTEX and benzene point attenuation rates were 0.0058-0.0064 and 0.0005-0.0032 day^-1, respectively, and the remediation time was 0.7-1.2 and 2.5-30 years, respectively. The BTEX and benzene bulk attenuation rates were 8.69 × 10^-4 and 1.05 × 10^-3 day^-1, respectively, and the remediation times for BTEX and benzene were 7.2 and 17.5 years, respectively. However, most of the natural attenuation occurring in this site can be attributed to dilution and dispersion. Consequently, the biodegradation and natural attenuation capacities were good enough to lower the contaminants levels, but their rates appeared to be insufficient to reach the remediation goal within a reasonable time frame. Therefore, some active remedial measures would be required.     

我国边疆城镇精细化管理技术研究∗

智慧城市的发展对城市安全提出了更高的要求,提升城市管理与应急反应水平是提高城市安全水平的重要保障。城市三维场景快速重建与精细化管理是智慧城市构建的重要支撑技术。针对我国边疆城镇地区社会稳定和公共安全管理的应用需求,提出了航天、航空、地面、室内外一体化的数据采集与处理方法,解决了基于高性能计算的大规模倾斜三维影像数据快速建模关键技术。以我国西部边疆典型城镇新疆库尔勒市为试验区,开发城市精细化管理系统,实现城市人口信息的精细化管理及突发事件应急响应预案的动态模拟等应用功能,验证了研究内容的合理性与实用性。     

中国近年PM2.5污染研究进展

近年来雾霾天气在中国大面积频发,PM_(2.5)已经成为中国大气颗粒物污染的首要污染物。对中国近年来PM_(2.5)的研究进展进行总结,分析了城市大气及室内环境中PM_(2.5)的来源,阐述了PM_(2.5)对大气能见度、人体健康及人们行为方式的影响,介绍了室内外关于PM_(2.5)的相关性指标以及PM_(2.5)控制的最新技术等,最后对相关研究前景进行分析并提出建议。     

Serious BTEX pollution in rural area of the North China Plain during winter season

Atmospheric BTEX compounds(benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes) in a rural site of the North China Plain(NCP) were preliminarily investigated in winter, and the outdoor concentrations(25.8–236.0 μg/m3) were found to be much higher than those reported in urban regions. The pollution of BTEX inside a farmer's house was even more serious, with combined concentrations of 254.5–1552.9 μg/m3. Based on the ratio of benzene to toluene(1.17 ± 0.34) measured, the serious BTEX pollution in the rural site was mainly ascribed to domestic coal combustion for heating during the winter season. With the enhancement of farmers' incomes in recent years, coal consumption by farmers in the NCP is rapidly increasing to keep their houses warm, and hence the serious air pollution in rural areas of the NCP during winter, including BTEX, should be paid great attention.     

随州市环境空气中苯系物的污染特征

2013年1月对随州市环境空气中苯系物(BTEX-苯,甲苯,乙苯和二甲苯)的质量浓度进行了监测,并分析了其变化规律及影响因素。结果表明,随州市环境空气中几种苯系物的浓度差异明显,其中苯的浓度最高,平均浓度为58.92μg/m3,甲苯、乙苯、间,对-二甲苯、邻-二甲苯的平均浓度分别为15.17、7.69、22.46、12.11μg/m3。对比发现,环境空气中苯系物的日间浓度高于夜间,工业区苯系物的浓度高于居住区和商业区。用SPSS软件对监测数据进行了分析,结果表明,溶剂的挥发和涂料喷涂行业是苯的重要来源。苯系物的浓度变化特征与交通尾气排放、化石燃料燃烧、光化学反应活动等密切相关。     

Transverse approach between real world concentrations of SO2, NO2, BTEX, aldehyde emissions and corrosion in the Grand Mare tunnel

With regard to automotive traffic, a tunnel-type semi enclosed atmosphere is characterized by a higher concentration of gaseous pollutants than on urban traffic roads and highlights the gaseous effluent species having an impact on material degradation. Therefore, a transverse approach between air quality and its consequences upon the longevity of materials is necessary, implying better knowledge of tunnel atmosphere and a better understanding of material degradation inside a tunnel for operating administration. Gaseous pollutant measurements carried out in a road tunnel in Rouen (Normandy) give the real world traffic concentrations of experimental exposure conditions. The sampling campaigns, achieved in summer and winter include SO₂, NO₂, BTEX and aldehyde analyses. Effluent profiles in the upward and downward tubes have been established. The current work shows that SO₂, NO₂, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propanal and butanal must be considered in the degradation process of materials in a stuffy environment. As regards NO₂, its concentration depends on the modification of the automotive fleet. The total aldehyde concentrations indicate no particular trend between the two bores. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propanal, butanal and acrolein species are the most abundant species emitted by vehicles and represent 90% to 95% of the total aldehyde emissions.     

顶空气相色谱法测定土壤中BTEX

本文采用顶空气相色谱法从土壤样品中分离挥发性有机物。应用该技术,苯、甲苯、乙基苯及二甲苯异构体（ＢＴＥＸ）均得到有效分离。该方法有较好的精密度（变异系数６５％,回收率８９～１０３％）和低的检出限（对于苯为０５ｎｇ／ｇ）。土壤样品中加入水或加热,可提高方法的灵敏度。     

天津城区夏冬季典型污染过程中BTEX变化特征及其健康风险评估

利用GC955在线气相色谱仪分别于2019年7月和2020年1月在天津市区开展苯系物（BTEX,包括苯、甲苯、乙苯、间/对-二甲苯和邻-二甲苯）实时在线观测,对典型污染过程中BTEX的浓度水平、组成及演化机制进行了研究,并运用特征物种比值法对BTEX的来源进行了定性分析,最后运用US EPA的人体暴露分析评价方法对BTEX健康风险进行评估.结果表明,臭氧和霾污染过程中BTEX体积分数平均值分别为1.32×10^-9和4.83×10^-9,其中苯的体积分数占比最大,其次是甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯占比最小.2020年1月BTEX体积分数很大程度上受到西南方向短距离传输的影响,而在2019年7月BTEX浓度受到本地排放的影响.BTEX浓度水平在2019年7月受到温度和相对湿度的共同影响,而在2020年1月当温度较低时BTEX浓度对相对湿度的变化更敏感.天津市区BTEX在霾污染过程中受生物质燃烧/化石燃料燃烧/燃煤排放的影响较大,而在臭氧污染过程中除了受到燃烧排放源影响,交通源排放在很大程度上也有影响.臭氧污染和霾污染过程中BTEX的HI分别为0.072和0.29,均处于EPA认定的安全范围内.苯的致癌风险在清洁天和污染过程中均高于EPA规定的安全阈值,需引起高度重视.