脱硫、变换装置的环境保护

齐鲁公司第二化肥厂甲醇装置是80年代全套引进德国鲁奇公司低压法合成甲醇的装置,是用渣油造气经过气体脱硫净化、变换、脱碳后合成甲醇技术.其中,气体经过脱硫工序用二乙醇胺(DEA)甲醇溶液吸收H2S、CO2等酸性气体,再经过锅炉水、精制水洗涤冷却再到CO变换,以满足合成甲醇需要.     

GIM（1）灰色建模的变换方法及其应用

提高灰色预测精度的关键在于增加原始离散数据的光滑性。文章大介绍灰色模型的基础上，给出了寻找提高原始数据序列光滑度的变换的途径，并随文给出了一些新的变换，实例应用和误差分析充分展望了这一方法非常有效。     

Photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B bymicrowave-assisted hydrothermal synthesized N-doped titanate nanotubes

Microwave-induced nitrogen-doped titanate nanotubes（NTNTs） were characterized by transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FT-IR）, Zeta potential analysis,specific surface area（SBET）, and UV-Visible spectroscopy. TEM results indicate that NTNTs retain a tubular structure with a crystalline multiwall and have a length of several hundred nanometers after nitrogen doping. XRD findings demonstrate that the crystalline structure of NTNTs was dominated by anatase, which is favored for photocatalytic application. The Ti-O-N linkage observed in the XPS N 1s spectrum is mainly responsible for narrowing the band gap and eventually enhancing the visible light photoactivity. FT-IR results demonstrated the existence of H3O＋, which could be excited by photo-generated holes to form hydroxyl radicals and degrade environmental pollutants. After sintering at 350°C, the UV-Vis absorbance edges of NTNTs significantly shift to the visible-light region, which indicates N atom doping into the nanotubes. Photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B（RhB） via NTNTs show good efficiency, with pseudo first-order kinetic model rate constants of 3.7 × 10-3, 2.4 × 10-3and 8.0 × 10-4sec-1at pH 3, 7, and 11, respectively.     

Preparation of cross-linked magnetic chitosan with quaternary ammonium and its application for Cr(VI) and P(V) removal

Pollutants that exist in anionic species are issues of concern in water treatment. Compared to cationic pollutants, the removal of anionic pollutants by adsorption is more difficult because most adsorbents carry predominantly negative charges in neutral and alkaline environments. In this study, a cross-linked chitosan derivative with quaternary ammonium and magnetic properties（QM-chitosan） was prepared and employed to remove chromium（VI） and phosphorus（V）（Cr（VI） and P（V）） from aqueous environments. The QM-chitosan was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry（FT-IR）,thermogravimetric analysis（TGA）, energy dispersive X-ray（SEM-EDX） and zeta potential.Batch experiments show that QM-chitosan can effectively remove Cr（VI） and P（V）, and the main mechanism was believed to be electrostatic interaction. A pseudosecond-order model was fitted to describe the kinetic processes of Cr（VI） and P（V） removal. The adsorption isotherms of both Cr（VI） and P（V） on the QM-chitosan were well fitted by the Langmuir isotherm equation. The saturated adsorption capacity of P（V）（2.783 mmol/g） was found to be higher than that of Cr（VI）（2.323 mmol/g）, resulting from the size of the H2PO-4ions being smaller than that of the HCr O-4ions. However, the theoretical calculation and experimental results showed that QM-chitosan had a stronger affinity for Cr（VI） than P（V）. The adsorption–desorption of the QM-chitosan was evaluated, and high regeneration rates were demonstrated.     

Optimized production of a novel bioflocculant M-C11 by Klebsiella sp. and its application in sludge dewatering

The optimized production of a novel bioflocculant M-C11 produced by Klebsiella sp. and its application in sludge dewatering were investigated. The optimal medium carbon source,nitrogen source, metal ion, initial pH and culture temperature for the bioflocculant production were glucose, NaNO3, MgSO4, and pH 7.0 and 25°C, respectively. A compositional analysis indicated that the purified M-C11 consisted of 91.2% sugar, 4.6% protein and 3.9% nucleic acids（m/m）. A Fourier transform infrared spectrum confirmed the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl,methoxyl and amino groups. The microbial flocculant exhibited excellent pH and thermal stability in a kaolin suspension over a pH range of 4.0 to 8.0 and a temperature range of 20 to 60°C.The optimum bioflocculating activity was observed as 92.37% for 2.56 mL M-C11 and 0.37 g/L CaCl2 dosages using response surface methodology. The sludge resistance in filtration（SRF）decreased from 11.6 × 1012 to 4.7 × 1012m/kg, which indicated that the sludge dewaterability was remarkably enhanced by the bioflocculant conditioning. The sludge dewatering performance conditioned by M-C11 was more efficient than that of inorganic flocculating reagents,such as aluminum sulfate and polymeric aluminum chloride. The bioflocculant has advantages over traditional sludge conditioners due to its lower cost, benign biodegradability and negligible secondary pollution. In addition, the bioflocculant was favorably adapted to the specific sludge pH and salinity.     

基于HHT方法的公路运输振动信号时频分析

目的分析具有非线性、非平稳特征的公路运输振动信号的时频信息。方法利用Hilbert-Huang变换算法,在对公路运输的振动信号进行EMD分解的基础上,开展Hilbert谱和各IMF的功率谱密度计算,并与常规的功率谱进行比较。结果基于IMF分量的功率谱可以克服传统Fourier功率谱计算在低频偏低、高频偏高的误差。结论基于HHT的公路运输振动信号时频分析方法是一种有效的运输振动非平稳信号分析手段。     

胡敏酸衰减全反射-傅里叶变换-红外光谱研究

胡敏酸是土壤有机质的重要组成部分。胡敏酸的物化结构和特性直接影响其环境地球化学行为,因此,也是胡敏酸地球化学研究的重要内容。傅里叶变换-红外光谱是胡敏酸物化结构和性质研究的强大工具,以往的研究通常采用压片-透射吸收法来研究分析胡敏酸的有机官能团信息。本工作采用透射-傅里叶变换-红外光谱和衰减全反射-傅里叶变换-红外光谱两种分析方法对比研究了黄壤和石灰土中胡敏酸的有机官能团信息。结果表明,两种分析方法给出完全一致的研究结果,即:黄壤胡敏酸脂肪碳含量较高,芳香结构含量较低;石灰土胡敏酸分子的脂肪碳含量较低,芳香结构和含氧官能团含量较高。比较而言,衰减全反射-傅里叶变换-红外光谱操作简便,无需对待测胡敏酸样品进行预处理,可以广泛地应用于胡敏酸红外光谱的分析。     

石化罐区挥发性有机物源强反演技术的研究

石化企业是国民经济的支柱,亦是重大的污染排放源,其中大气污染以VOCs为主,而石化罐区是石化企业最常用的生产装置,研究石化罐区VOCs的核算具有重要的意义。同时,遥感傅里叶变换红外光谱技术以独特的优势,被广泛地应用于大气环境监测中,国内外一些研究学者试图将遥感傅里叶红外光谱技术与VOCs源强反演技术相结合,开发一条VOCs源强核算的新路。基于我国石化罐区的实际情况,提出了一种以遥感傅里叶变换红外光谱技术为监测手段,以石化罐区VOCs源强反演技术-扩散模式反推法为理论基础的石化罐区无组织排放VOCs源强反演的新方法,并介绍了其相关的研究理论、研究方法、研究进展,以及目前所存在的问题,为VOCs源强反演提供了一种新思路。     

苏州市空气质量的时间序列变化过程研究

城市空气质量水平是以空气质量指数(API)来表征的,API的时空变化可以反映城市空气质量的变化过程。文章以苏州市2002～2007年各月API值为研究对象,将其构成一组时间序列,采用时间序列理论中的小波分析原理和差分自回归滑动平均模型(ARIMA)原理对这组API序列进行趋势的辨识和数值预测,结果表明(1)苏州市近年来的空气质量水平不断提高,并将稳定保持在一个良好的水平上;(2)差分自回归滑动平均模型ARIMA(2,2,2)在拟合该地区API值时间尺度上的变化趋势效果较好,能够较好的预测苏州市月空气质量水平。