Photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B bymicrowave-assisted hydrothermal synthesized N-doped titanate nanotubes

Microwave-induced nitrogen-doped titanate nanotubes（NTNTs） were characterized by transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FT-IR）, Zeta potential analysis,specific surface area（SBET）, and UV-Visible spectroscopy. TEM results indicate that NTNTs retain a tubular structure with a crystalline multiwall and have a length of several hundred nanometers after nitrogen doping. XRD findings demonstrate that the crystalline structure of NTNTs was dominated by anatase, which is favored for photocatalytic application. The Ti-O-N linkage observed in the XPS N 1s spectrum is mainly responsible for narrowing the band gap and eventually enhancing the visible light photoactivity. FT-IR results demonstrated the existence of H3O＋, which could be excited by photo-generated holes to form hydroxyl radicals and degrade environmental pollutants. After sintering at 350°C, the UV-Vis absorbance edges of NTNTs significantly shift to the visible-light region, which indicates N atom doping into the nanotubes. Photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B（RhB） via NTNTs show good efficiency, with pseudo first-order kinetic model rate constants of 3.7 × 10-3, 2.4 × 10-3and 8.0 × 10-4sec-1at pH 3, 7, and 11, respectively.     

Optimized production of a novel bioflocculant M-C11 by Klebsiella sp. and its application in sludge dewatering

The optimized production of a novel bioflocculant M-C11 produced by Klebsiella sp. and its application in sludge dewatering were investigated. The optimal medium carbon source,nitrogen source, metal ion, initial pH and culture temperature for the bioflocculant production were glucose, NaNO3, MgSO4, and pH 7.0 and 25°C, respectively. A compositional analysis indicated that the purified M-C11 consisted of 91.2% sugar, 4.6% protein and 3.9% nucleic acids（m/m）. A Fourier transform infrared spectrum confirmed the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl,methoxyl and amino groups. The microbial flocculant exhibited excellent pH and thermal stability in a kaolin suspension over a pH range of 4.0 to 8.0 and a temperature range of 20 to 60°C.The optimum bioflocculating activity was observed as 92.37% for 2.56 mL M-C11 and 0.37 g/L CaCl2 dosages using response surface methodology. The sludge resistance in filtration（SRF）decreased from 11.6 × 1012 to 4.7 × 1012m/kg, which indicated that the sludge dewaterability was remarkably enhanced by the bioflocculant conditioning. The sludge dewatering performance conditioned by M-C11 was more efficient than that of inorganic flocculating reagents,such as aluminum sulfate and polymeric aluminum chloride. The bioflocculant has advantages over traditional sludge conditioners due to its lower cost, benign biodegradability and negligible secondary pollution. In addition, the bioflocculant was favorably adapted to the specific sludge pH and salinity.     

Preparation of cross-linked magnetic chitosan with quaternary ammonium and its application for Cr(VI) and P(V) removal

Pollutants that exist in anionic species are issues of concern in water treatment. Compared to cationic pollutants, the removal of anionic pollutants by adsorption is more difficult because most adsorbents carry predominantly negative charges in neutral and alkaline environments. In this study, a cross-linked chitosan derivative with quaternary ammonium and magnetic properties（QM-chitosan） was prepared and employed to remove chromium（VI） and phosphorus（V）（Cr（VI） and P（V）） from aqueous environments. The QM-chitosan was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry（FT-IR）,thermogravimetric analysis（TGA）, energy dispersive X-ray（SEM-EDX） and zeta potential.Batch experiments show that QM-chitosan can effectively remove Cr（VI） and P（V）, and the main mechanism was believed to be electrostatic interaction. A pseudosecond-order model was fitted to describe the kinetic processes of Cr（VI） and P（V） removal. The adsorption isotherms of both Cr（VI） and P（V） on the QM-chitosan were well fitted by the Langmuir isotherm equation. The saturated adsorption capacity of P（V）（2.783 mmol/g） was found to be higher than that of Cr（VI）（2.323 mmol/g）, resulting from the size of the H2PO-4ions being smaller than that of the HCr O-4ions. However, the theoretical calculation and experimental results showed that QM-chitosan had a stronger affinity for Cr（VI） than P（V）. The adsorption–desorption of the QM-chitosan was evaluated, and high regeneration rates were demonstrated.     

基于HHT方法的公路运输振动信号时频分析

目的分析具有非线性、非平稳特征的公路运输振动信号的时频信息。方法利用Hilbert-Huang变换算法,在对公路运输的振动信号进行EMD分解的基础上,开展Hilbert谱和各IMF的功率谱密度计算,并与常规的功率谱进行比较。结果基于IMF分量的功率谱可以克服传统Fourier功率谱计算在低频偏低、高频偏高的误差。结论基于HHT的公路运输振动信号时频分析方法是一种有效的运输振动非平稳信号分析手段。     

胡敏酸衰减全反射-傅里叶变换-红外光谱研究

胡敏酸是土壤有机质的重要组成部分。胡敏酸的物化结构和特性直接影响其环境地球化学行为,因此,也是胡敏酸地球化学研究的重要内容。傅里叶变换-红外光谱是胡敏酸物化结构和性质研究的强大工具,以往的研究通常采用压片-透射吸收法来研究分析胡敏酸的有机官能团信息。本工作采用透射-傅里叶变换-红外光谱和衰减全反射-傅里叶变换-红外光谱两种分析方法对比研究了黄壤和石灰土中胡敏酸的有机官能团信息。结果表明,两种分析方法给出完全一致的研究结果,即:黄壤胡敏酸脂肪碳含量较高,芳香结构含量较低;石灰土胡敏酸分子的脂肪碳含量较低,芳香结构和含氧官能团含量较高。比较而言,衰减全反射-傅里叶变换-红外光谱操作简便,无需对待测胡敏酸样品进行预处理,可以广泛地应用于胡敏酸红外光谱的分析。     

长三角城市群PM2.5时空变化和影响因素分析

为协调经济发展与环境污染之间的矛盾,实现经济社会的可持续发展.以长三角城市群为研究区,基于PM_2.5浓度和气象数据,分析PM_2.5浓度的时空变化规律,并利用小波相干（WTC）、偏小波相干（PWC）和多小波相干（MWC）,评估PM_2.5与气象因子在时频域中的多尺度耦合振荡.结果表明：①②③④⑥⑤⑦⑧⑨⑩长三角城市群PM_2.5浓度年均值由西北向东南梯度递减,高值区域空间范围逐年缩小.PM_2.5浓度季节均值与年均值的空间分布特征相似,并且具有冬季最高,夏季最低,春秋过渡的特点.② PM_2.5浓度从2015~2021年逐年下降,达标率逐年上升.PM_2.5浓度差异逐年缩小,具有动态收敛性特征.PM_2.5浓度在夏季的收敛性大于冬季.PM_2.5浓度日均值具有U型振荡特征,整个研究期间PM_2.5浓度等级为优和良的天数占比分别为49.72%和41.45%.③ PM_2.5与气象因子的相干性在不同时频域上存在差异.时频尺度不同,影响PM_2.5的主控因子也不尽相同.在所有时频尺度上,WTC结果表明风速可作为解释PM_2.5变化的最佳变量,PWC结果表明温度可作为解释PM_2.5变化的最佳变量.④时频尺度越大,多变量组合解释PM_2.5变化的相互作用越强,而温度和风速的协同作用可以更好地解释PM_2.5变化.结果可为长三角城市群空气污染防治提供参考.     

基于溶解性有机物分子指纹特征解析城市河道污染来源与机制

溶解性有机物(DOM)是河道污染物的重要组成部分,是构成黑臭的主要原因.在我国城市黑臭水体治理攻坚新形势下,针对广泛存在的复合污染源信息不明确的难题,进一步从分子层面解析河道DOM成分是深入探究河道污染来源、成因和形成机制,从而实现高效治理的关键环节.以某大型城市的中心城区河道作为研究对象,分别选取了受4个分流制和合流制排水系统的放江污水严重影响的共5个河道断面,应用傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱(FT-ICR-MS)分别对各点位旱天和雨天时的表层水和沉积物样品中DOM分子式、元素组成和群组成分进行全谱解析与数据分析.结果表明：(1)城市河道DOM虽然以CHO和木质素类化合物为主,但人为源有机物(脂肪类和蛋白质类化合物)以及CHOS等杂原子化合物的较高占比揭示了河道受人为污染的现状,同时带来DOC、 TN和NH⁺₄-N的升高;(2) C₁₇H₂₈O₃S和C₁₈H₃₀O₃S等表面活性剂类化合物普遍存在于所有城市河道中,...     

基于GPS数据的尾矿坝监测系统的研究与应用

研究了小波理论在尾矿坝安全监测系统中对于GPS坝体表面变形监测数据的具体应用,总结了尾矿坝GPS坝体表面变形监测的实际数据的常见问题,提出了GPS变形监测数据处理实现程序流程图,确定了小波阈值收缩去噪法各环节的选取方法及具体参数,讨论了异常值对于尾矿坝变形数据处理的影响,研究了小波分析的实时方法,实现了基于组态软件的尾矿库在线监测平台,以实际工程案例说明此系统的可行性和有效性。     

基于声信号特征分析的燃气管道探测识别方法

为了探测和辨识地下燃气管道,避免燃气管道改扩建的过程发生第三方破坏引发安全事故,提出1种基于声信号特征分析的燃气管道探测识别方法,该方法考虑燃气管道声信号声压级低以及易衰减的特点,采用Hilebert-Huang变换算法分析燃气管道流噪声信号特征,建立燃气管道流噪声信号的特征数据库,并通过BP神经网络进行模式识别,判别...     

北京灰霾天PM_(2.5)中有机官能团和无机离子的ATR-FTIR研究

采用傅里叶变换衰减全反射红外光谱法(ATR-FTIR)研究北京西北城区灰霾天气下PM_(2.5)中有机官能团(R-OH羟基、R-CH脂肪族碳氢基、R-CO-羰基、R-NO2硝基官能团)和无机离子(NH_4~+、SO_4~(2-)、NO_3~-)的变化规律.结果表明,PM_(2.5)中无机离子(NH_4~+、SO_4~(2-)、NO_3~-)的ATR-FTIR吸收峰值高于有机官能团(R-CH,R-CO-,R-NO_2,R-OH)的峰值;有机官能团R-CH的吸收峰峰值高于R-CO-和R-NO_2官能团的吸收峰,R-OH官能团的吸收峰峰值最低.灰霾天PM_(2.5)中各有机官能团和无机离子的ATR-FTIR吸收峰值明显高于非灰霾天.说明灰霾天气下PM_(2.5)中这些官能团及无机离子的质量浓度均高于非灰霾天.灰霾天PM_(2.5)中无机离子(NH_4~+、SO_4~(2-)、NO_3~-)质量浓度高于有机官能团(R-CH,R-CO-,R-NO_2,R-OH)的质量浓度,且有机官能团以R-CH为主,R-CO-,R-NO_2次之,R-OH最少.