北京市区大气细菌粒度分布及降雨的影响

用ＡＮＤＥＲＳＥＮ生物粒子采样器在北京市西单观测了大气细菌粒子的粒度分布及降雨的影响，结果表明：北京市区大气细菌粒度呈偏态分布，降雨可明显降低＞８．２μｍ的大气细菌粒子的粒数百分比。     

Effect of platinum on the photocatalytic degradation of chlorinated organic compound

TiO2 nanoparticles, doped with di erent Pt contents, were prepared by a modified photodeposition method using Degussa P-25 TiO2, H2PtCl6 6H2O and methanol as the solvents. The physicochemical properties of Pt/TiO2 were investigated by the nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherm measurement technique, X-ray di raction analysis and photoluminescence spectra, respectively. Reaction rates from photocatalytic removal of dichloromethane over Degussa P-25 TiO2 and Pt/TiO2 were evaluated. The average diameter and BET surface area of the TiO2 catalyst particles were 300 nm and 50 m2/g, respectively. The degradation e ciency was 99.0%, 82.7%, 55.2%, and 57.9% with TiO2 at inlet concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 300 ppm, respectively. And the degradation e ciency was 99.3%, 79.7%, 76.5%, and 73.4% with a 0.005 wt.% Pt/TiO2 at inlet concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 300 ppm, respectively. In addition, we found that the photoluminescence emission peak intensities decreased with increases in the doping amount of Pt, which indicates that the irradiative recombination was weakened. Furthermore, the results showed that the UV/0.005 wt.% Pt/TiO2 process was capable of e ciently decomposing gaseous DCM in air.     

气溶胶粒子让地球正在变暗

复杂的气溶胶粒子气溶胶粒子,是悬浮在大气中的许多固体和液体微粒的总称,大小通常只有0.1~10μm,这些小颗粒就是煤灰、硫酸盐等那些谈到空气污染时就会谈到的讨厌的东西。它们大多产生于化石燃料的燃烧过程,随着燃烧后的废气被排放到空气中。同样是大气中的坏东西,与臭名昭著的CO2等温室气体不同,气溶胶在全球变暖中所起的作用至今还不明晰。     

危险品泄漏事故后动态路网应急疏散研究

在建立以最短车辆总疏散时间为目标的应急车辆疏散模型过程中,考虑路网上的车流是时变的,以动态交通流分配理论对应急车辆流进行优化分配。基于计算的复杂性和粒子群算法(PSO)的优点,采用PSO对模型进行求解。算例试验结果表明,优化后的方案能够减轻整个疏散车辆的拥堵程度,为应急管理部门决策提供理论支持。     

上海地区降雨量对放射性尘埃沉降的影响

一、前言核爆炸和核事故等原因产生的放射性烟云,围绕着地球运动。烟云中的放射性粒子,将逐渐沉降到地面。天空降雨时,雨水将空气层内的放射性粒子加速冲刷到地面,这样,就给饮用雨水的居民健康带来影响。因此,雨水的放射性浓度测量,在核武器的防护和日常的放射性防护工作上,有一定的意义。二、样品的采集、制备和测量在1974、1976、1977、1978、1980五年期间,我们采集并测量了一些雨水样品,并与对     

Effects of silica nanoparticles on growth and photosynthetic pigment contents of Scenedesmus obliquus

To assess the aquatic ecosystem safety for silica (SiO2) nanoparticles (NPs), the growth inhibition and photosynthetic pigment contents of Scenedesmus obliquus in logarithm growth phase exposed to SiO2 NPs and SiO2 bulk particles (BPs) suspensions were measured. SiO2 NPs with 10-20 nm diameters were found to be toxic. The 20% effective concentration (EC20) values for 72 and 96 hr were 388.1 and 216.5 mg/L, respectively. The contents of chlorophyll decreased significantly under moderate and high concentratio...     

Particle properties in granular activated carbon filter during drinking water treatment

The elemental composition and bacteria attached in particles were investigated during granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration.The experimental results showed that trapped influent particles could form new,larger particles on GAC surface.The sloughing of individuals off GAC surface caused an increase in effluent particles in the size range from 5 to 25 μm.The selectivity for element removal in GAC filters caused an increasing proportion of metallic elements in the effluent particles.The distribution of molar ratio indicated a complicated composition for large particles,involving organic and inorganic substances.The organic proportion accounted for 40% of total carbon attached to the particles.Compared with dissolved carbon,there was potential for the formation of trihalomethanes by organic carbon attached to particles,especially for those with size larger than 10 μm.The pure carbon energy spectrum was found only in the GAC effluent and the size distribution of carbon fines was mainly above 10 μm.The larger carbon fines provided more space for bacterial colonization and stronger protection for attached bacteria against disinfection.The residual attached bacteria after chorine disinfection was increased to 10 2-10 3 CFU/mL within 24 hours at 25°C.     

固废填埋场地土壤-地下水的砷污染反应运移模拟与源强识别

污染场地土壤-地下水系统中污染组分源强的精准识别是实现地下水污染高效治理与有效防控的根本前提.针对某固废填埋场地1号、3号地块地下水As(Ⅲ)浓度出现高值异常,采用统计相关分析方法分析了地下水中As(Ⅲ)与其他检出特征组分的相关关系,确定了As(Ⅲ)与PO₄^3-之间的竞争吸附反应是地下水中As(Ⅲ)污染的主要原因;随后采用表面络合模型(SCM)模拟竞争吸附反应,并建立了基于TOUGHREACT的场地土壤-地下水系统As(Ⅲ)污染组分反应运移模型;最后利用粒子群优化(PSO)算法构建了污染地块As(Ⅲ)污染的源强识别的模拟优化模型.结果显示:(1)固废中存在的磷酸盐能解释污染地块土壤不同深度As(Ⅲ)含量较背景值偏高的现象;(2)构建的土壤-地下水系统As(Ⅲ)运移模型可较好地模拟As(Ⅲ)与PO₄^3-竞争吸附反应;(3)优化识别出1号和3号地块的As(Ⅲ)污染源强分别为187.25μg·L^-1和192.49μg·L^-1.研究表明,基于PSO算法的模拟优化模...     

沈阳市大气微生物的研究

用ＡＮＤＥＲＳＥＮ生物粒子采样器在沈阳市对大气细菌粒子浓度和革兰氏染色形态特征进行了一年的观测．结果表明，细菌粒子的种类年平均浓度分布，是随着地区的季节、时间、场所和人群活动的变化而变化．     

厦门春季气溶胶特征初探

1993年春季对厦门市大气气溶胶进行了研究,其中包括对3种不同粒径的气溶胶质量浓度?气溶胶元素浓度?气溶胶离子浓度?气溶胶酸度和酸化缓冲能力的研究?结果表明:厦门大气气溶胶质量浓度接近于国家一级标准,细粒子的气溶胶的贡献较高;气溶胶中元素含量较高的为Ca,Al,Fe和S等;在厦门地区气溶胶中NH+₄和SO2-₄主要分布在细粒子中,Ca2+和Mg2+则多分布在粗粒子中,并且其值远小于华南地区;气溶胶中细粒子的酸性大于粗粒子,且酸化缓冲能力远低于粗粒子。