两种工业共生组织模式的比较研究

文中对自主实体共生模式和复合实体共生模式这两种生态工业园的工业共生组织模式进行了比较,分析了两种模式的优点与缺点、共性和差异,指出在生态工业园的构建过程中,应将两种模式结合起来考虑。     

Spatial analysis of plant detritus processing in a Mediterranean river type: the case of the River Tirso Basin,Sardinia, Italy

The river continuum concept represents the most general framework addressing the spatial variation of both structure and function in river ecosystems.In the Mediterranean ecoregion,summer drought events and dams constitute the main sources of local disturbance to the structure and functioning of river ecosystems occurring in the river basin.In this study,we analysed patterns of spatial variation of detritus processing in a 7th order river of the Mediterranean ecoregion(River Tirso,Sardinia0Italy)and in three 4th order sub-basins which were exposed to different summer drought pressures.The study was carried out on phragmites australis and Alnus glutionsa leaf detritus at 31 field sites in seasonal field experiment Detritus processing rates were higher for Alnus glutionsa than for Phragmites australis plant detritus.Processing rates of Alnus glutionsa leaves varied among seasons and study sites from 0.006d^-1 to 0.189d^-1 and those of Phragmites australis leaves ranged from 0.0008d^-1 to 0.102d^-1,with the lowest values occurring at sites exposed to summer drought.Seasons and sites accounted for a significant proportion of such variability.Alder detritus decay rates generally decreased with increasing stream order,while reed detritus decay rates generallyincreased on the same spatial gradient.Summer drought events affected these spatial patterns of variation by influencing significantly the decay rates of both plant detritus.The comparisons among and within sub-basins showed strong negative influence of summer drought on detritus processing rates.Similarly,in the entire River Tirso basin decay rates were always lower at disturbed than at undisturbed sites for each stream order;decay rates of reed detritus remained lower at those sites even after the end of the disturbance events,while alder decay rates recovered rapidly from the summer drought perturbations.The different recovery of the processing rates of the two leaves could also explain the different patterns of spatial variation observed between the two leaves.     

人类对北极生态的影响已近临界点

北极在暖一点就崩溃。5个国家的26位科学家经过多年研究，已经找到气候变暖的确凿证据。生物学家Johnsmol教授(他是研究小组的负责人，也是去年加拿大最高国家科技奖的获得者)郑重向世人提出警告：人类的干涉行为对北极生态系统的影响已经接近崩溃的临界点，一旦跨越这一点，破坏将是灾难性的，而且是难以挽回的。     

浅谈生态平衡的破坏和重建

通过列举古今中外实例 ,从生态学角度 ,阐述生态平衡的重要性及深远意义 ,警示世人大自然法则不容破坏 ,保护和重建生态平衡就是保护人类的生存与发展。     

韶关生态系统酸沉降临界负荷动态模型研究

将国内外应用广泛的MAGIC模型和SMART模型综合起来 ,提出了自己的动态模型。对韶关几种典型生态类型的土壤化学状态进行了长期趋势模拟。结果发现 ,马尾松对酸沉降最敏感 ,土壤溶液的pH值下降到 4.0 ,BS值下降到几乎为零 ,有大量的Al离子溶出。最后选取马尾松为指示生物 ,综合选取土壤溶液 pH >4.0、BS >10 %和 [Al3+ ] <0 .1mmol.l- 1 为临界化学指标 ,确定了韶关酸沉降临界负荷 (S的临界负荷 )为 14 .1keq .ha- 1 .a     

严防外来物种入侵

第55届联大决定，将国际生物多样性日由原来的12月29日改为5月22日，以纪念生物多样性公约通过。今年活动主题为“生物多样性与外来入侵物种管理”，它提醒人们要保护生物多样性就要严防外来物种入侵。     

安徽省生态破坏经济损失估算与控制对策研究

本文运用生态经济学原理，确定了安徽省生态损失估算的指标体系，定量计算出安徽省生态经济损失值，对和防止生态破坏提出了相应的对策。     

生态系统调节水量的价值评估——兴山实例

根据植被类型、坡度和土壤类型，分析了兴山县集水区内不同植被地块调节水量的能力。并且根据水能学的原理，分析了枯水期和洪峰期葛洲坝水电站的发电量与水流量的关系，建立了水流发电模拟模型。在上述分析的基础上，评估了兴山县境内生态系统调节香溪河等河流的水量，改善长江全年来水的均匀度，提高葛洲坝水电站发电效率的经济价值。     

土地利用系统规划和设计方法探讨

应用系统思想和生态学原理，提出了以土地─食物─人这一耦合运行发展过程研究为中心、以建立合理的土地利用系统为目标的农区土地利用规划和设计方法模型框架，其中包括：目标设计；土地评价；农业生态系统分析；土地利用系统定量化研究模拟模型；土地利用系统结构优化；土地利用系统生态设计；多层次人工控制系统设计。