Microbial bioavailability of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in the sediments of Lake Shankou, Northeastern China

Dissolved organic nitrogen(DON)extracted from Lake Shankou sediments using KCl was isolated into hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions.The bioavailabilities of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions to three types of bacterial communities collected from sediments,activated sludge and compost products were examined.The DON recoveries obtained by DAX-8 and cation exchange resins treatment were 96.17% ± 1.58% and 98.14% ±0% for the samples obtained from N4 and N14 stations,respectively.After 25 days of incubation at 25°C,most DON(59% to 96%)was degraded.Hydrophilic DON exhibited a higher reduction rate than hydrophobic DON during the growth phase.Untreated wastewater from Changshuihe town was the main degradable DON source to station N4,and 93% of hydrophilic DON and 80% of hydrophobic DON were degraded.Station N14 received a large amount of refractory DON from forest soils and exhibited DON degradation rates of 82% and 71% for the hydrophilic and hydrophobic fractions,respectively.Amino acid contents and fluorescence intensities were also analyzed.Approximately 27% to 74% of amino acids were taken up by day 5,and their concentration gradually increased in the following days due to the decomposition of dissolved proteins.Parallel factor analysis resulted in identification of tryptophan-like proteins,tyrosine-like proteins and FA-like substances.During the growth phase,40%–51% of the tryptophan-like proteins were taken up by bacteria,and the accumulation of tyrosine-like proteins was attributed to the release of biotic substances.The concentration of the FA-like substances decreased due to microbial decomposition.     

生物移动床处理农村面源生活污水试验研究

在实验室常温条件下,利用生物移动床(MBBR)处理模拟农村生活污水,通过检测反应器进出水中各污染物的浓度变化特性,确定MBBR挂膜条件及对污水的处理效果。研究表明,启动期活性污泥产生的黏性膨胀对挂膜有较大的影响,通过调节ρ(C)∶ρ(N)∶ρ(P)=100∶5∶1,可以改善此现象;MBBR运行稳定后,进水ρ(COD)、ρ(NH+4-N)、ρ(TP)分别为400,35,7 mg/L时,在p H约为7、ρ(DO)为2~4 mg/L、HRT为3h的条件下,COD、NH+4-N、TN、TP的去除率分别达到85%、85%、60%、70%。MBBR对农村面源污水有较好的处理效果,适合于处理污水管网系统落后的地区和乡镇的面源污水。     

关于室内污染物采样过程的探讨及治理

近年来,室内空气质量成为了广范关注的话题。为了预防和控制民用建筑工程中建筑材料和装修材料产生的室内环境污染,结合现行室内环境污染控制标准和规范,文章对规范中主控的甲醛、氨、苯、TVOC、氡在采样过程中遇见的问题及采取的相关措施进行讨论,并对室内环境污染物的治理方法进行总结。     

混凝与高级氧化联合处理油气钻井废液的研究

钻井废液作为油气开采过程中产生的废液,突出问题为COD难降解和浊度(NTU)高,传统工艺已不能满足环境要求,亟待处理工艺的改进。该文以COD和NTU为主要处理指标,联合混凝和高级氧化技术(UV/H_2O_2)对钻井废液进行处理,通过正交实验和响应曲面法分别确定了2种工艺的最佳工艺条件。结果显示:PAM投加量0.04 mg/L,先300 r/min搅拌5.5 min,后60 r/min搅拌5.5 min,沉降15 min,COD和NTU有最优的去除率分别是36.40%和98.59%;H_2O_2∶COD(摩尔比)=1.25,pH在7.5,UV反应2 h,COD有最优的去除率为90.16%,2个工艺联合处理钻进废液,COD和NTU的去除率可达93.58%和98.59%。     

闽江水利工程引起的水文环境灾(危)害浅析

闽江干一支流众多水利工程的建成和运营,显著地影响和改变了闽江干一支流河流的水动力场和水化学场的时空状态,导致其纳污量(强度)、稀释扩散净化能力、水化学成分和水体质量等水文环境参数发生变化,引起水文环境灾(危)害问题日益突出.本文概述了闽江干一支流点源污染及面源污染程度和时空状态及其与水利工程建设运营的关系,同时以水口水...     

H3PO4活化制备加拿大一枝黄花活性炭及其性能表征

本文以入侵植物加拿大一枝黄花(Solidago Canadensis)为原料,采用正交试验方法,通过磷酸活化法制备高效活性炭吸附剂,研究固液比、磷酸浓度、活化温度和活化时间对活性炭吸附性能及产率的影响,结果表明:最优制备条件是磷酸浓度为40%、固液比为1∶3,活化温度为400 ℃、活化时间为60 min,此时亚甲基蓝吸...     

一体式膜生物反应器中胞外聚合物的提取方法比较及其对膜污染的影响

本文对一体式膜生物反应器中胞外聚合物(EPS)的提取方法及其对膜污染的影响进行了试验研究,结果表明:胞外聚合物提取方法中,物理方法中的热提法较为简便易行,适当的振荡频率可以提高提取效率,超声波法(30 W-6 min)是可行的提取方法,硫酸法、EDTA法和甲醛-NaOH法联用可以用于活性污泥提取EPS,其中甲醛-NaO...     

对硝基苯胺的光化学降解研究

系统研究了氙灯和高压汞灯照射下对硝基苯胺(PNA)在蒸馏水、人工海水和天然海水中的光化学降解情况.结果表明,PNA光降解速率会受到光源、溶液介质、温度、起始浓度、重金属离子、甲醇及过氧化氢浓度的影响.随着光源强度的增强、起始浓度的增大、温度的增高和过氧化氢量的增加,PNA在海水中光降解速率相应加快;然而甲醇的加入可有效...     

真空冶金法回收废旧锌锰电池中金属汞和镉的工艺研究

本文通过试验采用真空冶金方法处理锌锰电池,分离回收其中的金属汞(Hg)和镉(Cd),考察真空度、温度、加热时间对两种金属回收率的影响,结果表明:Hg和Cd的回收率随着真空度、加热时间及温度的升高而增加,但在加热时间和温度达到一定值时,两种金属的回收率接近饱和值,最大值接近95%;真空冶金法回收废旧锌锰电池中金属Hg和C...     

DO对新型SBBR处理畜禽养殖废水脱氮的影响

本文以畜禽废水为处理对象,通过试验将序批式运行模式应用到好氧三相内循环生物流化床反应器中形成新型SBBR,考察在不同溶解氧(DO)浓度条件下新型SBBR反应器运行处理效果及氮的转化情况,结果表明:在室温下,进水CODCr浓度为2 000 mg/L,总氮(TN)浓度为140 mg/L,交替好氧-缺氧模式为3.0h(曝气)...