Mass transport model of ions within biofilms under the effect of external field

A mass transport model was developed to predict the transport rate of ions within biofilms, which was experimentally verified using the fluxes of NH4^＋ and Ca^2＋ through the heterotrophic biofilms with the thickness varying from 230 to 1430μm under the effect of external field in the range of-20 V/m to 60 V/m. It is found that the result predicted by the model is in agreement with the experimentally obtained one, with the error less than 5 percent for the thin biofilms. The error increases with the increase of the biofilm thickness. The transport rate of ions caused by electric migration is affected by the charges, field strength, and biofilm thickness and so on.     

Performance of a novel vertical-flow settler: a comparative study

By increasing particle concentration and G value （root-mean-square velocity gradient） to enhance flocculation, a novel vertical-flow settler was designed to increase sedimentation effectiveness, and to simultaneously improve operational stabilization. Due to the gradual decrease in upward flow-rate of raw water, a floes blanket would form and suspend in the middle section of the settler, not at the bottom as in a conventional clarifier. Enough large floes, resulted from flocculation or fltration, would continuously settle out of the floes blanket, and simultaneously, the floes in raw water or those forming above the blanket would ceaselessly enter the floes blanket. As a result, the floes concentration in the blanket could keep a dynamic balance. The hydrodynamic shear in the blanket was improved by flow separation, which was induced by the abrupt change in flow channel. Due to the floes blanket and improved hydrodynamic shear, flocculation would be enhanced, which was helpful for removing fine particles in raw water. A comparative study showed that the novel vertical-flow settler had a much better performance in the removal of the particles in raw water than a conventional one, when they treated kaolin suspensions of different concentrations （500, 100 and 50 mg/L, respectively） coagulated by polyaluminum chloride（PAC1） at the up-flow rates of 1 and 2 mm/s, respectively.     

变换装置设备检验检测过程中发现的问题及探讨

本文通过对变换装置工艺流程及运行特点进行分析,辨识出装置潜在的13种损伤模式。结合装置检验过程中发现的洗氨系统洗氨塔内构件及不锈钢衬里严重腐蚀,变换炉、废热回收换热器和水汽分离器等设备衬里对接焊缝和角焊缝存在开裂,以及变换炉等高温设备基材发生再热裂纹和球化等问题,总结出影响变换装置长周期运行的原因并提出一些风险控制建议。     

电梯门旁路装置和门回路检测功能原理及检验方法探究

电梯门旁路装置和门回路检测功能作为电梯安全系统的重要组成部分,是电梯监督检验和定期检验中的重要项目。本文介绍了电梯门旁路装置和门回路检测功能的基本原理,基于我国现行电梯监督检验和定期检验规程对门旁路装置和门回路检测功能的检验要求,总结出了一套完善的检验方法和流程,并指出了日常检验中容易被忽视和疏漏之处,以供相关从业人员参考和交流。     

撬棍加上防滑件 避免多个危和险

撬棍是石油化工企业各装置设备日常检修常用的一种工具。由于装置平台多为篦子板铺设,有的还分上下多层,且篦子板孔的间距规格大都在100mm×28mm,部分为50 mm×28 mm。检修人员在篦子板平台(或在搭设的脚手架)上作业时,常常会使用撬棍拆卸零部件,有时撬棍放置不当、振动或者意外碰撞,都会使其从篦子板空隙穿过坠落,直插地面。这种情况在检修当中时有发生。     

豆制品加工废水处理工程设计分析

豆制品加工废水有机物和悬浮物浓度较高,水量及水质波动大,且容易发酸发臭。浙江某豆制品生产企业采用化学沉淀+SBR生化工艺对废水进行处理,出水水质达到《污水综合排放标准》GB8978-1996三级标准。该工艺操作简便,运行稳定,处理效率高,适合中小规模豆制品企业废水的处理。     

生态环境部标准样品研究所介绍

生态环境部标准样品研究所(IERM,以下简称“标样所”)组建于1996年,隶属于生态环境部环境发展中心(中日友好环境保护中心),是从事环境标准样品研发与技术服务的专业机构。2005年在国内率先通过标准物质/标准样品生产者能力认可(证书编号CNAS RM0001)和能力验证计划提供者能力认可(证书编号CNAS PT0007),2018年取得臭氧监测校准实验室能力认可(证书编号CNAS L11444),2019年建立生态环境部门臭氧最高计量标准“臭氧气体分析仪检定装置”。     

气田甲醇污水处理装置的运行优化

针对延长气田采气一厂甲醇污水处理站运行中换热器/精馏塔塔板结垢严重、甲醇回收率低、处理后水水质不达标等问题,采用水质分析、结垢分析与工艺原因分析等方法,分析原因并采取相应措施。结果表明:预处理效果差、精馏塔分离效果差是造成这些问题的主要原因;采用优化预处理药剂加量、优化加药工艺和优化甲醇回收工艺等措施,使甲醇污水处理装置持续稳定运行,提高了甲醇污水预处理效果,降低了换热器/精馏塔塔板结垢程度,提高了甲醇回收率。处理后水水质稳定,含油量、悬浮固体含量、悬浮物粒径中值均达标,可满足平均空气渗透率≤0.01μm~2地层的回注要求。     

历史上二月发生的危险化学品事故

石油化工辽宁辽阳石化烯烃厂“2·23”爆炸事故2002年2月23日,辽宁省辽阳石化烯厂聚乙烯装置改扩建过程中发生爆炸,事故造成8人死亡,1人重伤,18人轻伤,直接经济损失452.78万元。事故的直接原因是:聚乙烯系统运行不正常,压力升高,致使劣质玻璃视镜破裂,大量的乙烯气体喷出,被引风机吸入沸腾床干燥器内,与聚乙烯粉末、热空气混合,被聚乙烯粉末沸腾过程中产生的静电引爆。