Ecological effects of crude oil residues on the functional diversity of soil microorganisms in three weed rhizospheres

Ecological effects of crude oil residues on weed rhizospheres are still vague. The quantitative and diversity changes and metabolic responses of soil-bacterial communities in common dandelion （Taraxacum officinale）, jerusalem artichoke （Silphiurn perfoliatum L.） and evening primrose （A colypha australis L.） rhizospheric soils were thus examined using the method of carbon source utilization. The results indicated that there were various toxic effects of crude oil residues on the growth and reproduction of soil bacteria, but the weed rhizospheres could mitigate the toxic effects. Total heterotrophic counting colony-forming units （CFUs） in the rhizospheric soils were significantly higher than those in the non-rhizospheric soils. The culturable soil-bacterial CFUs in the jerusalem artichoke （S. perfoliatum） rhizosphere polluted with 0.50 kg/pot of crude oil residues were almost twice as much as those with 0.25 kg/pot and without the addition of crude oil residues. The addition of crude oil residues increased the difference in substrate evenness, substrate richness, and substrate diversity between non-rhizospheric and rhizospheric soils of T. officinale and A. australis, but there was no significant （p〉0.05） difference in the Shannon＇s diversity index between non-rhizospheric and rhizospheric soils of S. perfoliatum. The rhizospheric response of weed species to crude oil residues suggested that S. perfoliatum may be a potential weed species for the effective plant-microorganism bioremediation of contaminated soils by crude oil residues.     

Process of rice straw degradation and dynamic trend of pH by the microbial community MC1

The process of the rice straw degradation in the fermentor with aeration at 290 ml/h was studied. The results of dissolved oxygen （DO） indicated that the optimum DO during cellulose degradation by microbial community MC1 ranged from 0.01 to 0.12 mg/L. The change model ofpH values was as follows： irrespective of the initial pH of the medium, pH values decreased rapidly to approximate 6.0 after being inoculated within 48 h when cellulose was strongly degraded, and then increased slowly to 8.0--9.0 until cellulose was degraded completely. During the degradation process, 15 kinds of organic compounds were checked out by GC-MS. Most of them were organic acids. Quantity analysis was carried out, and the maximum content compound was ethyl acetate which reached 13.56 g/L on the day 4. The cellulose degradation quantity and ratio analyses showed that less quantity （under batch fermentation conditions） and longer interval （under semi-fermentation conditions） of rice straw added to fermentation system were contributed to matching the change model of pH, and increasing the quantity and ratio of rice straw degradation during cellulose degrading process. The highest degradation ratio was observed under the condition office straw added one time every five days （under semi-fermentation conditions）.     

Observation of atmospheric nitrous acid with DOAS in Beijing, China

Measurements of nitrous acid （HONO） and nitrogen dioxide （NO2） in Beijing City have been performed by means of a developed differential optical absorption spectroscopy （DOAS） system based on photodiode array （PDA）, during the autumn of 2004. HONO and NO2 were simultaneously identified by their characteristic absorption bands in the spectral region between 337 nm and 372 nm with high sensibility and time resolution. The concentrations of HONO exhibit obviously diurnal variation with a nocturnal maximum and a daytime minimum. The highest HONO value up to 11.8 μg/m^3 was observed during the night of 2/3 September. Possible sources of the observed HONO were discussed. Good correlation to NO2 indicates that NO2 is a main source component. The measurement also shows direct emission of HONO is an imnortant source in strongly polluted urban area.     

Isolation, characterization and phylogenetic analysis of a bacterial strain capable of degrading acetamiprid

An aerobic bacterium, capable of degrading the new chloronicotine pesticide acetamiprid, was isolated from the sludge of pesticide factory after successive enrichment cultures and named strain FH2 which is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, obligate aerobic org     

膜组合工艺对地下水中铀的去除及其微生物群落特征

含铀地下水因具有放射性和化学毒性对人类健康构成严重威胁,常规工艺有时无法有效去除地下水铀故需增加处理工艺以满足饮用水水质要求.以我国某地膜组合工艺处理工程为研究对象,监测了6个月运行过程中铀去除效果及常规水质参数,并对各工艺阶段出水及生物膜进行样品采集.结合水质分析与高通量测序探讨了不同工艺段出水水质参数变化,微生物群...     

基于GA-BP神经网络的页岩气开发区域水资源承载力研究

以西南地区威远县为例,从社会、经济、生态、水资源和页岩气开发5个方面构建水资源承载力评价指标体系及分级标准,采用遗传算法(genetic algorithm,GA)优化BP(back propagation)神经网络,形成GA-BP神经网络组合模型,对研究区2014—2019年的水资源承载力状态进行评价.结果表明:使用...     

农地确权、确权方式与农地转出多维决策——基于云贵川1490户农户的调查

农地确权是否促进农地流转是目前学界争论的焦点之一.通过构建“农地确权方式”→“激励效应、交易费用效应、价格效应”→“农地转出多维决策”的逻辑框架,从确权方式的异质性视角为当前学界分歧寻求一致性的解释.基于云贵川3省1 490户农户数据,运用倾向得分匹配法及工具变量法进行实证分析.结果 表明:(1)简单地认为农地确权促进或抑制农地流转是欠妥的,农户农地流转决策与不同的确权方式有关,其中确权不确地方式显著促进了农户转出土地,而确权确地方式却不存在显著影响;(2)农地确权主要通过促使农地流转合约正式化降低交易费用,确权不确地方式进一步提高了农地流转的交易范围以及转出面积比重;(3)农地确权及不同确权方式均未显著推高农地转出租金.     

罗云 博士生导师 中国地质大学(北京)教授 工程技术学院院长(曾)

曾获湖北省青年科技精英称号,首届中国地质学会青年科技银锤奖,首届北京市青年学科带头人,首届国家自然科学基金青年基金(安全经济)。主持完成国家自然科学基金、国家科技专项、重点研发项目以及省部级、各行业近百余项科技项目,发表学术论文200余篇、著作80余部。     

如何确定“甲醛”(临界量)

新标准《危险化学品重大危险源辨识》(GB18218-2018),已经于2019年3月1日正式实施。根据《危险化学品重大危险源监督管理暂行规定》(原安监总局第40号令/总局令第79号修正)第11条规定:有关重大危险源辨识和安全评估的国家标准、行业标准发生变化的,危险化学品单位应当对重大危险源重新进行辨识、安全评估及分级。因此,《危险化学品重大危险源辨识》(GB18218-2018)实施后,危险化学品单位纷纷进行“对重大危险源重新进行辨识、安全评估及分级”。     

古人如何预防和对抗瘟疫

当前,新型冠状病毒正在肆虐,这不仅给社会带来巨大损失,还让人担惊受怕、谈之色变。新冠肺炎按中医的说法就是瘟疫,是由于一些强烈致病性微生物,如细菌、病毒引起的传染病。《中国疫病史鉴》记载,西汉以来,中国先后发生过321次疫病,由于中医的有效预防和治疗,在有限的地域和时间内控制住了疫情的蔓延。