用萃取火焰AAS法测定汽车道旁树叶中的铅含量

主要介绍了用碘化钾－甲基异丁基甲酮（ＫＩ－ＭＩＢＫ）萃取汽车道旁植物叶片中的微量铅,然后用原子吸收分光光度法（ＡＡＳ）测定,该方法的精密度和准确度均有较满意的结果     

龙口褐煤对Ni^2＋,Mn^2＋,Hg^2＋等重金属离子的吸附特性

本文以龙口褐煤作吸附剂,对重金属离子Ｎｉ＾２,Ｍｎ＾２＋,Ｈｇ＾２＋的单组分水溶液进行吸附研究,探讨了吸附剂的吸附性能,影响吸附的因素和吸附机理。结果表明：褐煤对Ｎｉ＾２＋,Ｍｎ＾２＋,Ｈｇ＾２＋的吸附均表现出Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ特征,ＰＨ值是影响吸附的一个重要因素。     

化学法处理高浓度电镀废水

分析、总结了采用化学法处理高浓度电镀废水中的含氰废水、含镍废水、含铬废水和含酸废水的工程设计、调试和实际运行情况。实践表明,化学法处理高浓度电镀废水是行之有效的,而用PH／ORP计控制好废水处理中的化学反应是稳定运行的关键。     

水样中镉镍的两次双波长分光光度法测定

研究采用两次双波长分光光度法 ,一次采用双峰双波长法 ,一次采用系数补偿法同时测定水样中的镉和镍。实验结果表明 ,以 5 Br PADAP为显色剂 ,镉和镍的最大吸收峰分别为 544 .8nm和 559.2nm ,最小吸收峰均为 430nm ;镉镍的线性范围为 1～ 1 6μg/ 2 5mL。此法的灵敏度同单波长法相比有明显的提高 ,应用于合成和电镀水样中的镉镍的测定 ,均得到了满意的结果。     

抗生素联合对反硝化细菌作用效果的确定方法

抗生素在地下水环境中被频繁检出,其对硝酸盐降解的反硝化作用产生不同程度影响已被多项研究证实,多种不同功能的抗生素联合作用越来越受到关注.本研究选取甘度反硝化细菌进行单一及联合药敏试验,探究了反硝化菌对喹诺酮类、四环素类、磺胺类、大环内酯类、林可霉素类抗生素的敏感性及抗生素的联合抑菌效果,对确定联合作用的方法进行了讨论.结果表明,微量肉汤稀释法与纸片扩散法测得反硝化细菌对单一抗生素的敏感性具有一致性,敏感性大小主要与抗生素的种类有关.在抗生素联合作用的试验中,纸片扩散法抑菌图形报告存在结果依赖于两圆盘之间的距离的问题,而微量肉汤稀释法存在结果解释方法及部分抑菌指数(FIC)标准不统一的问题.以棋盘法的实验结果为基础,通过比较单一与复合抗生素各孔中微生物差异确定抗生素作用关系,优化了微量肉汤稀释法.此外,进一步提出了微生物量测定法,解决了抗生素浓度设定的局限性问题.新方法通过拟合微生物生长曲线,可以更直观、更准确地解释复合抗生素之间的关系.本研究结果可为复合抗生素对水土环境中反硝化作用影响研究方法的选择和结果的确定提供参考.     

Ni foam/Cu电极电催化还原硝酸盐氮

采用恒流电沉积法制备了泡沫镍/铜（Ni foam/Cu）电极.以Ni foam/Cu电极为阴极、Ti/RuO₂-Ir₂O₃电极为阳极构建电解体系,对水中硝酸盐氮进行电催化还原处理.并研究了电解质对总氮和氨氮去除率的影响和电极的稳定性.在一定范围内,增大电解质NaCl的浓度可以提高总氮和氨氮去除率.当NaCl浓度为0.5 g·L^-1时,在电解电流密度为8 mA·cm^-2的条件下对100 mg·L^-1 NO₃^--N溶液进行6次重复电解实验,2.5 h后硝酸盐氮去除率均可以达到94.5%以上.当NaCl浓度为1.25 g·L^-1时,在电解电流密度为8 mA·cm^-2的条件下对100 mg·L^-1 NO₃^--N溶液电解2.5 h,出水中氨氮浓度只有2.90 mg·L^-1,总氮去除率达到79....     

Rapid treatment of atrazine-contaminated water by nickel/iron bimetallic system

The utility of nickel/iron in the remediation of atraz.ine-contaminated water was investigated. The experimental results showed that nickel/iron had effective catalytic activity in dechlorinating atraz.ine under acidic conditions. The dechlonnation reaction approximately followed the first-order kinetics under the experimental conditions( nickel/iron: 1.0 g/250 ml: Ca~r~ = 20.0 mg/L), the reaction rate increased with decreasing pH value of the reaction solution and increasing the proportion of Ni: Fe within 2.95 %. For condition with 2.95% nickel/iron, the reaction rate constants were 0.07518( R = 0.9927), 0.06212( R = 0.9846) and 0.00131 min^-1 ( R = 0.9.565) at pH = 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0, respectively. HPLC analysis was used to monitor the decline of atraz.ine concentration.     

Physicochemical interaction and its influence on deep bed filtration process

The capillary model was used to analyze the hydraulic conditions in the deep bed filtration process. The physicochemical interaction forces between the filter media and suspended particles and their influence on deep bed filtration process were also studied theoretically. Through the comparison of the hydraulic and physicochemical forces, the key influencing factors on the filtration process were proposed and investigated. Pilot study of the microflocculation deep bed filtration was carried out in the No. 9 Potable Water Treatment Plant of Beijing, and the experimental results of hydraulic head loss, particle distribution and entrapment were presented. The theoretical prediction was reasonably consistent with the experimental results under different conditions, which indicated that the regulation and control of micro-flocculation and deep bed filtration could be realized by the evaluation of the physicochemical interactions. Further theoretical and experimental research should be carried out to investigate the interaction mechanism and its application in the deep bed filtration and other cases.     

Preparation and catalytic properties of ZrO2-Al2O3 composite oxide supported nickel catalysts for methane reforming with carbon dioxide

ZrO2-Al2O3 composite oxides and supported Ni catalysts were prepared, and characterized by N2 adsorption/desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. The catalytic performance and carbon deposition was also investigated. This mesoporous composite oxide is shown to be a promising catalyst support. An increase in the catalytic activity and stability of methane and carbon dioxide reforming reaction was resulted from the zirconia addition, especially at 5wt% ZrO2 content. The Ni catalyst supported ZrO2-Al2O3 has a strong resistance to sintering and the carbon deposition in a relatively long-term reaction.     

镍冶炼含重金属废气排放污染物特征分析

目前硫化铜镍矿主要采用火法冶炼。在焙烧、熔炼过程中,重金属元素Pb、Cd、As、Hg、Cr、Zn、Cu、Ni等氧化或升华后进入烟气,部分进入烟尘,从而造成冶炼过程中的环境污染。以富氧侧吹工艺中的熔炼和转炉工序的收尘灰作为研究对象,对其收尘灰中重金属污染物进行了粒度特征分析、烟尘组分分析和烟尘表面特征分析。通过对其排放特征的分析,为我国镍冶炼行业含重金属废气污染源控制与管理提供技术支撑。