Biodegradation of mixture of VOC's in a biofilter

Volatile organic compounds(VOC‘s) in air have become major concern in recent years. Biodegradation of a mixture of ethanol and methanol vapor was evaluated in a laboratory biofilter with a bed of compost and polystyrene particles using an acclimated mixed culture. The continuous performance of the biofilter was studied with different proportion of ethanol and methanol at different initial concentration and flow rates. The result showed significant removal for both ethanol and methanol, which were composition dependent.The presence of either compound in the mixture inhibited the biodegradation of the other.     

Surface microlayer enrichment of volatile organic compounds and semi-volatile organic compounds in drinking water source

Enrichment of volatile organic compounds(VOC) and semi-volatility organic compounds(SVOC) in surface microlayer(SM) of three ddnking water sources were studied. The enrichment factor(EFs) were 0.67 to 13.37 and 0.16 to 136, respectively. The results showed some VOC and most SVOC could enrich in SM. Some EFs of SVOC was quite high. Suspension and temperature could affect EFs of SVOC, slim wind and water movement do not destroy enrichment of organic in SM.     

Photodegradation mechanism of two dyes: the influence of adsorption behavior on the novel TiO2 particles

The relationship between adsorption behavior and photocatalytic mechanism of the two dyes was investigated. Adsorption isotherms showed that the adsorption of cationic pink FG was Langmuir type behavior, while the reactive brilliant red k-2G was Freundlich type behavior. The increasing pH favored the adsorption of FG but have little effect on the photodegradation. The increasing pH favored the adsorption and the photodegradation of k-2G. The presence of scavenger of hvb^ and OH. radical potassium iodide inhibited the degradation of k-2G, free radicals scavenger tetranitromethane inhibited the photodegradation of FG. These results indicated that the photodegradation of FG mainly via free radicals in solution, and the photodegradation of k-2G was mainly on the catalysts surface or near the interface of solid and solution by react with hvb^ and surface-bound OH.. The different effect of SO4^2- , HCO3^- on the adsorption and photodegradation of two dyes confirmed these results.     

块石空间定向性对土石混合体力学性质的影响

土石混合体作为一种土和石的特殊混合体,其宏观变形破坏及力学性质与块石的空间定向性密切相关。为了研究块石定向性对土石混合体变形破坏机理的影响,采用二维颗粒流软件中FISH语言编写算法生成不同角度的椭圆形块石,建立土石混合体二维颗粒流数值模型,分别进行了单块石和多块石条件下土石混合体双轴试验数值模拟,对其变形破坏机理进行了深入分析。结果表明:块石角度不同时,土体中裂纹萌生位置不同;随着块石短轴方向与最大主压力轴夹角增大,土石混合体黏聚力先减小后增加,内摩擦逐渐减小;在应力峰值前的应力平缓增长阶段,土体中裂纹迅速增长,在试样强度达到峰值后进入残余强度阶段,裂纹的增速也逐渐降低;块石角度不同时,土石混合体的剪切带破坏形式不同。     

镉"加标"沉积物对泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)生物毒性研究

选择泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudaus)作为受试生物,以泥鳅死亡率、血液红细胞数量、红细胞体积、红细胞微核率和核异常率作为测试指标,考察了沉积物中"加标"金属镉(Cd)的毒性状况,探讨了水体沉积物中重金属的生物毒性影响.结果表明:高有机质的粘土粉砂性沉积物能够有效吸附重金属镉;镉加标暴露组泥鳅的死...     

好氧颗粒污泥对酸性红B的生物吸附模型研究

考察了灭活好氧颗粒污泥吸附酸性红B的吸附等温线、吸附动力学和热力学.结果表明,Langmuir和Redlich-Peterson比Freudlich吸附等温线更符合试验数据,20 ℃时Langmuir最大单分子层吸附量为123.46 mg/g.吸附动力学符合准2级动力学模型.灭活AGS内部扩散过程用Webber-Morris模型拟合,结果表明颗粒内部扩散过程是限速步骤,但边界层扩散和动力学阻力亦不能忽略.热力学分析表明,吸附过程是吸热且自发的过程.     

超声波对微电解处理硝基苯的协同效应研究

以硝基苯为目标污染物,考察超声波对微电解技术的协同效应.结果表明,无机械搅拌条件下,硝基苯溶液初始质量浓度为50 mg·L~(-1)、超声波功率密度为200 W·L~(-1)、溶液初始pH值为3.0时,超声波/微电解协同体系降解效果显著高于超声波与微电解单独作用之和,降解过程超声波和微电解间存在显著协同效应,比较3者的降解速率常数可知超声波与微电解间的协同因子达4.875.研究表明,超声波能有效防止铁屑表面钝化和板结现象,超声波促进微电解体系中·OH生成是超声波对微电解降解硝基苯产生明显协同效应的主要原因.     

聚驱采出水对蚕豆根尖细胞的遗传毒性分析

为探索聚合物驱采出水对生物体的遗传毒性,从而对油田聚合物驱采出水的污染程度进行判定,从2007年2月到2009年12月,采集油田聚合物区块联合站的来水、一沉水、二沉水、外输水、杀菌水的水样,用双蒸水稀释至100%(母液)、75%、50%、25%,以0.5%的甲基磺酸乙酯(Ethyl Methane Sulfonate,EMS)溶液为阳性对照,双蒸水为阴性对照,利用蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术,对聚合物驱油采出水的遗传毒性进行跟踪分析.结果表明,大庆油田某聚驱采油区块的采出水,100%(母液)污染指数为3.9～5.1,75%的稀释液污染指数为3.6～5.4,50%稀释液污染指数为2.5～4.7,25%稀释液污染指数为2.2～3.9.聚驱采出水普遍具有中度到重度的遗传毒性效应,对油田周边环境构成较严重威胁.     

冬季南澳岛不同养殖区浮游细菌分布及微表层的富集作用

通过对广东省南澳岛不同养殖区不同水层的调查,探讨了冬季南澳岛不同养殖区的浮游细菌分布及理化因子,并分析了海洋微表层的富集作用.结果表明,温度、盐度、叶绿素a (chl-a)、TN及TP在不同养殖区的差异不明显(p>0.05),在不同水层之间的分布也无一定规律.除对照区微表层水体对chl-a无富集作用外,其余各站点的微表层对chl-a、TN和TP都表现出一定的富集作用.异养细菌及弧菌总数在鱼类养殖区最高,其次为贝类养殖区,最低为龙须菜栽培区;粪大肠菌群在贝类养殖区最高,其次为鱼类养殖区,最低为龙须菜栽培区.除粪大肠菌群外,异养细菌及弧菌总数均在各站点微表层水体中最高.异养细菌、弧菌和粪大肠菌群数的最高值分别为4.61×105 cfu/mL、1.5×104 cfu/mL和3 500 mL-1.贝类养殖区的粪大肠菌群数远超出国家海水水质标准.各站点微表层水体对异养细菌和弧菌都表现出很强的富集作用,对粪大肠菌群的富集作用则较弱.     

水体组分对聚苯乙烯纳米颗粒聚沉行为的影响

微/纳米塑料在环境水体中的团聚和沉降行为是影响其迁移和分布的重要因素.以聚苯乙烯纳米颗粒（PS-NPs）为对象,研究了Na⁺和天然有机质（NOM）两种典型水体组分对其团聚粒径和沉降性能的影响规律,分析了海水、湖水和生活污水等6种水体中团聚、沉降效果及潜在影响因子.结果表明,c（Na⁺） < 80 mmol·L^-1时有利于PS-NPs沉降;反之,则促进其团聚和悬浮.NOM可借助Na⁺在颗粒表面形成多层吸附结构,改变颗粒表面电势和相对密度,进而影响PS-NPs团聚和沉降性能.ρ（NOM） > 10 mg·L^-1时可增强PS-NPs分散和悬浮性能,可能归因于大量附着在颗粒表面的NOM降低了PS-NPs相对密度.环境水体较实验室合成水体更能促进颗粒团聚,这可能与环境水体富含氨基酸和蛋白质等大分子有关.