样品中总α/β放射性的测量

以某一比对样品中总α/β放射性的测量过程为例,叙述了样品预处理、上机测量及参数确定的方法,并结合实践,对工作中需要注意的问题进行了探讨。     

BBP对小鼠睾丸IL-1βmRNA和TNF-αmRNA表达的影响

为了探讨邻苯二甲酸丁苄酯(BBP)对小鼠睾丸炎症性细胞因子IL-1β和TNF-α的基因表达的影响,以性成熟的雄性昆明小鼠为实验材料.经不同浓度BBP染毒12d后取其睾丸组织提取总RNA,运用半定量RT-PeR方法分析BBP对小鼠睾丸IL-1β和TNF-α表达水平的影响.实验结果表明,与对照组相比,125mg·kg-1的BBP染毒组小鼠睾丸IL-1β的转录稍有上调,但无显著性差异;250mg·kg-1、500mg·kg-1和1000mg·kg-1的BBP染毒组小鼠睾丸IL-1β的转录呈显著上调(p<0.05或<0.01).TNF-α的转录随所给BBP剂量的增高而上升,呈剂量-效应关系;250mg·kg-1、500mg·kg-1和1000mg·kg-1的BBP染毒组小鼠睾丸TNF-α的转录均显著上调(p<0.05或<0.01).由此可见,较高的BBP暴露水平可使小鼠睾丸内细胞因子IL-1β和TNF-α的转录水平明显上升,从而表达增强,这可能是BBP对小鼠雄性生殖毒性的重要机制之一.     

原子荧光法测定水中总汞的测量不确定度分析

以测定水中汞含量为例,对其在分析过程中产生的不确定度进行识别和计算,对原子荧光法测量水中总汞的不确定度加以分析评定。     

冶金钢铁行业废水中CODcr与TOC相关性研究

CODcr和TOC均是表征水体有机污染程度的指标,对于一般有机废水,理论上两者线性相关。采用线性回归法对冶金钢铁行业废水中TOC和CODcr两项指标的监测数据进行统计分析,建立CODcr对TOC的转换方程,并用相关系数法进行显著性检验。结果表明冶金钢铁行业废水中CODcr值和TOC值的线性关系显著,建立的一元线性回归方程的准确度可以满足水质监测的需要,在一定条件下可以使用TOC监测值间接换算CODcr值。     

测定废水中总铬前处理方法的改进探究

采用COD消解器加热氧化法代替锥形瓶加热氧化法或密塞高压蒸汽法测定总铬,结果表明:此方法缩短了分析时间,操作简便,分析结果准确度高.     

热解吸气相色谱双通道检测空气中TVOC

探讨了通过气相色谱仪双通道检测室内空气中总挥发性有机化合物的可行性.建立了前、后双通道的苯、甲苯、乙酸丁酯、乙苯、苯乙烯、对(间)二甲苯、邻二甲苯、正十一烷等9种典型有机污染物的外标曲线,各组分相关系数R2为0.9995～1,并通过各自的标准曲线来计算其标样考核结果,对比标样真实浓度值,验证前、后双通道的准确性以及相互...     

油指纹鉴别中诊断比值的重复性限比较法

诊断比值是油指纹鉴别中非常重要的鉴别指标,本文基于重复性限这一经典的统计学概念,详细介绍了利用重复性限进行溢油鉴别中诊断比值比较的方法,包括方法原理、诊断比值的评价及鉴别原则,并以某原油及其风化样品以及2种不同原油的油指纹鉴别为例,说明了此种方法的有效性,这对于提高基于油指纹的溢油鉴别准确度和效率将有重要意义.     

Determination and assessment of total mercury levels in local, frozen and canned fish in Lebanon

Fish is an important constituent of the Lebanese diet. However, very little attention in our area is given to bring awareness regarding the effect of the toxicity of mercury (Hg) mainly through fish consumption. This study aimed to report analytical data on total mercury levels in several fish species for the first time in thirty years and to also made individuals aware of the presence and danger from exposure to mercury through fish consumption. Fish samples were selected from local Lebanese markets and fisheries and included 94 samples of which were fresh, frozen, processed, and canned fish. All values were reported as microgram of mercury per gram of fish based on wet weight. The level of mercury ranged from 0.0190 to 0.5700 μg/g in fresh samples, 0.0059 to 0.0665 μg/g in frozen samples, and 0.0305 to 0.1190 μg/g in canned samples. The data clearly showed that higher levels of mercury were detected in local fresh fish as opposed to other types thus placing consumers at higher risk from mercury exposure. Moreover, the data revealed that Mallifa (yellowstripe barracuda/Sphyraena chrysotaenia), Sargous (white seabream/Diplodus sargus), Ghobbos (bogue/Boops hoops), and shrimp (Penaeus sp.) were among the types containing the highest amounts of mercury. On the other hand, processed fish such as fish fillet, fish burger, small shrimp and crab are found to contain lower levels of mercury and are associated with lower exposure risks to mercury. Lebanese population should therefore, be aware to consume limited amounts of fresh local fish to minimize exposure to mercury.     

宁夏大型扬黄工程运行管理的安全生产现状与对策

1 工程概况 　　宁夏中部干旱地区在工程建成前,自然条件恶劣,荒漠化面积占土地面积的70%以上,干旱、风沙、沙尘暴和冰雹等自然灾害频发.为了改善这些地区自然环境和群众生产生活状况,国家投入大量资金,分别于1975年、1988年、1998年和1999年相继开工建设了固海、盐环定、红寺堡和固海扩灌四大扬黄工程.工程总设计流量77.2m3/s,设计灌溉面积1127km2,干渠总长677km,总装机容量37.9万kW.宁夏大型扬黄工程基本情况详见表1.……