“唱”出来的安全生产优胜单位——吉林石化动力二厂实行“唱票复诵”操作方法侧记

<正>"主6.3千伏系统并列操作现在开始。"监护人吴晓明准确唱票。"主6.3千伏系统并列操作现在开始。"操作人赵增丰认真地复述着。"合主6.3千伏分段620开关"吴晓明再次发出指令。"合主6.3千伏分段620开关"操作员赵增丰一字不差的复述,并用鼠标点合分段620开关。这时,对讲机里也传出了操作员刘海滨的声音:"检查6.3千伏分段620开关合闸到位"……这是9月3日,记者在吉林石化动力二厂1号主变倒闸操     

关于UPS供电系统可靠度与可用性计算案例浅析

数据中心机房UPS供电系统可靠性要求越来越高,系统的可靠性和可用性一直是运维人员关注和重视的问题。本文从常见的二总线供电系统和三总线供电系统为例,进行了系统的可靠度与可用性对比分析和计算。再将降UPS容量的三总线供电系统进行了分析,其为典型的表决模型2/3(G)模型,降UPS容量的三总线供电系统的可靠度与可用性比二总线供电系统略高、又比三总线供电系统略低,正常工作时单台UPS负载率66.7%为最高,且投资成本适中,可以作为数据中心供电系统的首选。     

球衣细菌胞内PHB的提取和精制

报道了一种从球衣细菌胞内提取和精制PHB的有效方法。通过红外光谱、紫外光谱及1H谱分析得知 ,利用该方法制得的PHB精制品在结构上与标准品 (美国Sigma公司提供 )一致 ,纯度达 99 4 %以上。     

近45年中国12个一级站大气气溶胶光学厚度变化特征

利用常规观测的总辐射和散射辐射日曝辐量资料,结合NASA GISS的月平均平流层气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)产品,反演计算了北京等12个台站1961～2005年0.75μm对流层AOD和气溶胶标高数据.基于这些数据,分析了各站AOD、气溶胶标高和地面能见度的年、季、月变化特征.结果表明:①就12个站45a总平均而言,光学厚度为0.276,年增长为0.0034;气溶胶标高为1.65km,年增加为0.015km;能见度为17.1km,年变化值为-0.08km;AOD春夏较大,秋冬较小;气溶胶标高夏季最高,春季次之,冬季最低.②各站点45a平均AOD范围为0.116～0.387;除格尔木外,各站AOD均有增长.年变化值为0.0010～0.0079.③20世纪70、80年代AOD增加明显;20世纪90年代以来,多数站点AOD有所下降,能见度有转好趋势.     

Evaluation of soil washing process with carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin and carboxymethyl chitosan for recovery of PAHs/heavy metals/fluorine from metallurgic plant site

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)/heavy metals/fluorine(F) mixed-contaminated sites caused by abandoned metallurgic plants are receiving wide attention. To address the associated environmental problems,this study was initiated to investigate the feasibility of using carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin(CMCD) and carboxymethyl chitosan(CMC) solution to enhance ex situ soil washing for extracting mixed contaminants. Further,Tenax extraction method was combined with a first-three-compartment model to evaluate the environmental risk of residual PAHs in washed soil. In addition,the redistribution of heavy metals/F after decontamination was also estimated using a sequential extraction procedure. Three successive washing cycles using50 g/L CMCD and 5 g/L CMC solution were effective to remove 94.3% of total PAHs,93.2% of Pb,85.8% of Cd,93.4% of Cr,83.2% of Ni and 97.3% of F simultaneously. After the 3rd washing,the residual PAHs mainly existed as very slowly desorbing fractions,which were in the form of well-aged,well-sequestered compounds; while the remaining Pb,Cd,Cr,Ni and F mainly existed as Fe–Mn oxide and residual fractions,which were always present in stable mineral forms or bound to non-labile soil fractions. Therefore,this combined cleanup strategy proved to be effective and environmentally friendly.     

MDEA水溶液膜法天然气脱硫的试验研究

以新配和含有一定H_2S的MDEA溶液为吸收液,以聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜组件为接触器,通过对操作参数的调节和改变膜孔大小等方法对脱硫率和总传质系数进行研究。结果表明:气液压力差以及膜孔孔径的增加均有利于脱硫率和总传质系数的提升,即均有利于脱硫。降低进气流量和低气液比均对H_2S传质有积极作用。     

城市入河径流排放口总污染特征研究

流入城市雨源性河流的径流污染不容忽视,以我国南方典型城市深圳市的福田河流域为研究对象,经过18场典型降雨径流的测定,从污染过程线、径流初期效应识别和降雨事件平均浓度(EMC)等方面分析和讨论了城市河流入河径流排放口的总污染特征规律,有利于指导城市河流污染控制.结果表明,排放口地表径流浓度随时间变化历程中,COD、SS、TN、TP和BOD5普遍超出地表Ⅴ类水标准十多倍以上,某典型降雨场次的重金属(铬、镉、铜、砷和汞)污染较为严重,研究区排放口的浓度范围和平均值均高于重庆沙坪坝雨水口和加拿大Silerwood的雨水排放口,但低于武汉十里铺排放口.COD、SS、BOD5的初期效应尤为明显并且COD和SS冲刷强度较大,TN、TP初期效应不明显.COD、SS、TN、TP和BOD5的EMC浓度平均值分别为224.14、571.15、5.223、2.04、143.5 mg/L,在某种程度上,深圳市研究点的COD和SS的EMC值高于邻近的澳门、珠海,TN、TP值高于北京、广州、上海等城市,与国外的一些研究结果相比较,EMC值比韩国、美国及加拿大一些城市地表径流污染物浓度高得多,可见由排放口入河的径流总污染极其严重并需要治理.     

农村水污染防治的制约因素及对策

我国农村水污染防治工作受到外部性内部化过程受阻、非对称性信息、农业生产方式、落后于工业化的农村城镇化水平、不合理的农药和化肥补贴政策、扶贫政策与环境保护政策的失衡等制约因素的影响,效果不明显.农村水污染状况关系到"三农"问题的解决,甚至影响到整个国民经济的健康发展.因而,应在坚持分类防治和综合防治并举的同时,在国民经济核算体系中核算生态环境的总经济价值的指导思想下,依托小城镇建设和社会主义新农村建设,协调经济政策和环境保护政策,防治农村水污染.     

可可毛色二孢菌对焦化厂土壤多环芳烃污染修复

利用新型菌种可可毛色二孢菌(Lasiodiplodia theobromae)对北京焦化厂实际土壤PAHs污染进行修复,研究了该菌种在Tween 80和HPCD两种表面活性剂作用下对北京焦化厂土壤PAHs污染的强化修复效果,并探讨了修复过程中酶活动态变化及其与PAHs降解关系.结果表明,在L.theobromae作用下,焦化厂土壤中PAHs降解率在第70 d达到45.3%,比控制组提高了30个百分点;当Tween 80和HPCD在最佳含量(2 g.kg-1和1 g.kg-1)时,土壤中PAHs降解率达65.8%和63.9%,比控制组提高约50个百分点.因此,研究证实L.theobromae是实际土壤PAHs污染修复的可选菌种,表面活性剂与L.theobromae联合修复实际土壤PAHs污染修复是一种可选技术.在单一L.theobromae修复组和表面活性剂强化L.theobromae修复组中,土壤中过氧化氢酶和转化酶酶活性比控制组土壤中酶活性均提高2倍左右,表明L.theobromae可能产生过氧化氢酶和转化酶或者该菌种与土著微生物有协同作用.相关性分析表明,过氧化氢酶和转化酶活性最大值与PAHs降解率相关系数分别是0.781和0.837,转化酶活性与降解率的相关性高于过氧化氢酶.     

Artificial neural network model for identifying taxi gross emitter from remote sensing data of vehicle emission

Vehicle emission has been the major source of air pollution in urban areas in the past two decades. This article proposes an artificial neural network model for identifying the taxi gross emitters based on the remote sensing data. After carrying out the field test in Guangzhou and analyzing various factors from the emission data, the artificial neural network modeling was proved to be an advisable method of identifying the gross emitters. On the basis of the principal component analysis and the selection of algorithm and architecture, the Back-Propagation neural network model with 8-17-1 architecture was established as the optimal approach for this purpose. It gave a percentage of hits of 93%. Our previous research result and the result from aggression analysis were compared, and they provided respectively the percentage of hits of 81.63% and 75%. This comparison demonstrates the potentiality and validity of the proposed method in the identification of taxi gross emitters.