高温厌氧消化中底物浓度对病原指示微生物杀灭的影响

剩余污泥中含有大量病原微生物,土地利用之前必须进行适当的处理,降低病原微生物的数量,以降低环境风险.通过研究在不同的底物浓度条件下,剩余污泥高温厌氧消化(55℃)过程对病原指示微生物的杀灭效果,分析厌氧消化前后污泥中病原指示微生物数量变化的原因.结果表明,随着底物浓度的增加,VFAs浓度和累积产甲烷量增加.在底物浓度为28~84 g·L-1、温度为55℃、持续28 d的高温厌氧消化过程中,上清液中总大肠杆菌下降2.0~3.0个数量级、粪大肠杆菌下降1.8~3.3个数量级;消化后污泥中总大肠杆菌和粪大肠杆菌杀灭率均达到99%以上;且上清液中和消化污泥中均未检测到沙门氏菌的存在.在研究底物浓度范围内,当底物浓度大于45 g·L-1时,消化液和污泥中总大肠杆菌和粪大肠杆菌的杀灭效果下降.     

《环境科学》多项引证指标名列前茅

2013年9月27日,中国科学技术信息研究所在中国科技论文统计结果发布会上公布了2012年度中国科技论文统计结果.统计结果显示2012年度《环境科学》多项引证指标位居环境科学技术及资源科学技术类科技期刊前列.《环境科学》综合评价总分77.8,排名第一,总被引频次6 489,影响因子1.156.     

鄱阳湖持久性有机污染物（POPs）长距离传输潜力模拟

利用TaPL3模型模拟研究了鄱阳湖5种典型持久性有机污染物(POPs)的长距离迁移潜力(LRTP)和总持久性(Pov),比较了不同污染物特征迁移距离(CTD)和Pov的大小,并以p,p’-DDT为例对关键参数进行了灵敏度分析.结果表明,p,p’-DDT、γ-HCH、HCB、PCP和2,3,7,8-TCDD排放到大气中,特征迁移距离(CTDAir)在432 km(2,3,7,8-TCDD)~86479 km(HCB)之间,总持久性(PovAir)在85.6 d(PCP)~2231 d(HCB)之间,土壤相是POPs的主要归宿,约占72.0%;排放到水体中,特征迁移距离(CTDWater)在4207 km(PCP)~1.19×105km(γ-HCH)之间,总持久性(PovWater)在103 d(PCP)~2890 d(HCB)之间,沉积物相是POPs的主要归宿,约占52.5%.环境介质中的半衰期和辛醇-水分配系数的对数是影响污染物CTD和Pov的主要理化性质参数.与同类研究相比,相关POPs在鄱阳湖的CTDAir处于中间水平,但CTDWater偏高,这与鄱阳湖的水体深度和水体流速这两个对CTDWater影响显著的参数较其它研究区域高有关.研究结果可为该地区POPs的环境过程及环境风险的研究提供科学依据.     

《中国环境科学》获评“2012中国最具国际影响力学术期刊”

正2012年12月,《中国环境科学》被评为"2012中国最具国际影响力学术期刊"."中国最具国际影响力学术期刊"是中国科学文献计量研究中心、清华大学图书馆依据《CAJ国际引证报告》,按2011年度中国学术期刊被SCI期刊、SSCI期刊引用的总被引频次排序并经40多位期刊界专家审议,遴选出的TOP5%期刊.获评"中国最具国际影响力学术期刊"的科技类期刊共156种.统计分析结果表明,从定量分析的角度看,"中国最具国际影响力学术期刊"的国际影响力已经达到国际中等以上水平,跨入了国际品牌学术期刊行列.     

《中国环境科学》获评“百种中国杰出学术期刊”

正《中国环境科学》2012年被中国科学技术信息研究所评为"2011年度百种中国杰出学术期刊"."百种中国杰出学术期刊"是根据中国科技学术期刊综合评价指标体系进行评定的,包含总被引频次、影响因子、基金论文比、他引总引比等多个文献计量学指标.     

城市固体有机废弃物燃料的使用研究

随着世界人口的增加,人类所产生的生活垃圾也在逐渐上升。但目前还没有更成熟的技术可以通过回收利用这些城市废弃物解决固体垃圾问题。因此,在这个项目的框架里,从现有的城市垃圾中收集一些有代表性的垃圾物质;确定处理城市垃圾机器和设备的类型,根据所获得的结果对来自燃烧燃料炉中的废物进行分析,对固废物回转窑处理的影响进行详细研究,确定最佳的RDF(垃圾衍生燃料),以确保其燃烧排放比例不超过给定的排放限值和相应的法律法规。     

In-vehicle VOCs composition of unconditioned, newly produced cars

The in-vehicle volatile organic compounds （VOCs） concentrations gains the attention of both car producers and users. In the present study, an attempt was made to determine if analysis of air samples collected from an unconditioned car cabin can be used as a quality control measure. The VOCs composition of in-vehicle air was analyzed by means of active sampling on Carbograph 1TD and Tenax TA sorbents, followed by thermal desorption and simultaneous analysis on flame ionization and mass detector （TD-GC/FID-MS）. Nine newly produced cars of the same brand and model were chosen for this study. Within these, four of the vehicles were equipped with identical interior materials and five others differed in terms of upholstery and the presence of a sunroof; one car was convertible. The sampling event took place outside of the car assembly plant and the cars tested left the assembly line no later than 24 hr before the sampling took place. More than 250 compounds were present in the samples collected; the identification of more than 160 was confirmed by comparative mass spectra analysis and 80 were confirmed by both comparison with single/multiple compounds standards and mass spectra analysis. In general, aliphatic hydrocarbons represented more than 60% of the total VOCs （TVOC） determined. Depending on the vehicle, the concentration of aromatic hydrocarbons varied from 12% to 27% of total VOCs. The very short period between car production and sampling of the in-vehicle air permits the assumption that the entire TVOC originates from off-gassing of interior materials. The results of this study expand the knowledge of in-vehicle pollution by presenting information about car cabin air quality immediately after car production.     

Fractionation of heavy metals in runoff and discharge of a stormwater management system and its implications for treatment

A stormwater management system utilizing the mechanisms of sedimentation and filtration/infiltration was developed and constructed for the immobilization of suspended solids and heavy metal constituents （Fe, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cu, Cd, Ni） in runoff. Monitoring took place between May 2010 and November 2012 on a total of 24 storm events. This research on the fractionation of heavy metals in runoff and discharge of a stormwater system provided insight on the actual efficiency of the system and determined the implications for treatment of the particulate-bound and dissolved heavy metals in runoff. Results revealed that the partitioning of heavy metal load in runoff in either dissolved or particulate-bound were influenced by flow rate and total suspended solids load, and evident in high-intensity storm （rainfall-runoff event）. On the other hand, the partitioning of heavy metal load discharge from the stormwater system was more apparent during the early period of discharge having higher variability in dissolved than particulate-bound heavy metal. Findings revealed that fractionation of heavy metals played an important role in the performance of the stormwater system; thus, must be considered in designing stormwater systems. For the stormwater system to be effective, it is recommended to design the system treating not only the early period of a storm （first flush criteria） rather until the peak part of the hydrograph （high flow rate where partitioning was greatest） from a load basis.     

华能辽宁分公司

正实施污染减排履行社会责任华能辽宁分公司成立于2009年3月30日,是华能国际电力股份有限公司全资子公司。下辖大连电厂、丹东电厂、营口电厂、营口热电有限责任公司和清洁能源分公司,总装机容量4735MW,其中:火电4600 MW,水电37.5 MW,风电97.5 MW。为了更好履行社会责任,华能在辽企业近年来不断加大环保投入,2007—2013年间     

加强对大气污染防治的审计监督——访上海市审计局总审计师林忠华

正2013年9月,国务院发布了《大气污染防治行动计划》,提出了大气污染防治的总体要求、奋斗目标和政策举措。目前已有25个省(区、市)制定了本地的落实方案,一场大气污染防治攻坚战已在全国打响。环境审计是国家审计的重要组成部分,应当在大气污染防治中发挥作用,但是目前我国各级审计机构对水环境保护审计问题较为熟悉,而在空气污染等方面则关注不足。为此本刊专访了上海市审计局总审计师、高级经济师林忠华,详细介绍了我国大气污