苏州河表层沉积物中总汞测定的研究

采用金汞齐富集-冷原子吸收光谱法直接测定苏州河表层沉积物中的总汞。结果表明:该方法在0.00～200ng范围内呈良好线性关系,检出限为0.005mg/kg(样品以0.2g计)。实际样品测定的RSD为1.24%～4.36%,加标回收率为91.8%～101%。与原子荧光光谱法相比,两种方法测定的结果没有显著差异。     

六种有机物在亚/超临界水中氧化的反应动力学研究

为了给超临界水氧化设备工业化应用提供指导思路,本文设计制作了一套连续化的超临界水氧化仿工业化装置(压力为24MPa,H2O2过氧量倍数为3倍),选取甲基红、靛红、苯磺酸、对氨基苯磺酸、对二甲氨基苯甲醛、2,4-二硝基苯肼6种芳香烃化合物进行了从亚临界过渡到超临界状态下的水氧化试验,并以总有机碳(TOC)为表征研究了6种化合物的去除效果,以幂指数方程描述了6种化合物从亚临界到超临界的反应动力学参数。结果表明:6种有机物在亚临界至超临界点时间段内,反应物TOC的浓度随时间的变化呈现良好的线性下降趋势,且在亚临界状态下,足够的反应停留时间就能取得较好的TOC去除效果,而在超临界状态下,反应过程十分迅速,在较短的反应时间内也会取得较好的TOC去除效果,但随着反应时间的增加,在几分钟之内,TOC的去除率随时间的变化还是较为明显;6种有机物的反应活化能介于26.2～54.341kJ/mol之间,表明不同结构化合物SCWO反应的温度升高效应不同。     

固相萃取-红外分光光度法测定水中的总油

建立了固相萃取(SPE)-红外分光光度测定水中总油的方法,并对固相萃取条件进行了优化,实验表明,对于1L添加2mg标准油的水样,其总油的回收率为86%-93%,多次重复实验测定的相对标准偏差为2.9%(n=6)。     

土地利用方式改变对红树林沉积物中营养元素含量的影响

以广西、广东、海南等地代表性红树林湿地为对象,研究红树林湿地利用方式的改变对沉积物有机碳、总硫、总氮和总磷等营养元素的含量变化和影响,结果表明：1）广东和海南红树林区总氮和总磷变化相似,均为：沉积物〉农田〉鱼塘〉光滩,广西大冠沙稍有不同,光滩的氮磷含量最低;有机碳和总硫含量各地稍有差异,但是红树林沉积物中的有机碳,总硫...     

利用PCR-DGGE溯源典型农村塘坝饮用水中的污染

以华南地区典型农村塘坝饮用水为研究对象,采用基于大肠杆菌的两种特异性基因(β-D-葡萄糖苷酶编码基因uidA和膜外周磷通道蛋白编码基因phoE)的群体差异分析(PCR-DGGE),对饮用水中的污染情况进行了溯源研究.结果表明,采用富集培养的混合菌体DNA作为模板扩增大肠杆菌特异性基因更加实用.uidA和phoE的引物均...     

废旧轮胎的再利用

渔民湾污水排放区自主运营1座流量为129m3/d的曝气式氧化塘处理系统.为保证水质满足对粪大肠菌群、总余氯(TRC)、碳生化需氧量(CBOD)和总悬浮固体(TSS)等指标的要求,出水中的硝酸盐和藻类含量问题一直是管理     

Antimicrobial activity of thin metallic silver flakes, waste products of a manufacturing process

The aim of the research was to develop new products and processes from a manufacturing waste from an Italian metallurgic company. The company produced thin silver metallic films and the production scraps were silver flakes. The possibility to use the silver flakes in water disinfection processes was studied. The antimicrobial activity of the flakes was investigated in batch using Escherichia coli as Gram-negative microorganism model. The flakes did not show any antimicrobial activity, so they were activated with two different processes: thermal activation in reducing atmosphere and chemical activation, obtaining, respectively, reduced flakes (RF) and chemical flakes (CF). The flakes, activated with either treatment, showed antimicrobial activity against E. coli. The kill rate was dependent on the type of activated flakes. The chemical flakes were more efficient than reduced flakes. The kill rate determined for 1 g of CF, 1.0 ± 0.2 min⁻¹, was greater than the kill rate determined for 1 g of RF, 0.069 ± 0.004 min⁻¹. This was confirmed also by the minimum inhibitory concentration values. It was demonstrated that the antimicrobial capability was dependent on flakes amount and on the type of aqueous medium. Furthermore, the flakes maintained their properties also when used a second time. Finally, the antimicrobial activities of flakes were tested in an effluent of a wastewater treatment plant where a variety of heterotrophic bacteria were present.     

Comparative study of heavy metal and pathogenic bacterial contamination in sludge and manure in biogas and non-biogas swine farms

The objective of this study is to determine and compare the heavy metal (Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb) and bacterial (E. coli, coliform and Salmonella spp.) contamination between swine farms utilizing biogas and non-biogas systems in the central part of Thailand. Results showed that average levels of E. coli, coliform, BOD, COD, Zn, Cu and Pb in sludge from the post-biogas pond were higher than the standard limits. Moreover, the levels of E. coli, coliform, Cd and Pb were also higher than the standard limits for dry manure. The levels of E. coli, coliform and BOD on biogas farms were lower than on non-biogas farms. Following isolation of Salmonella spp:; it was found that Salmonella serovars Rissen was the most abundant at 18.46% (12/65), followed by Anatum 12.31% (8/65), and Kedougou 9.23% (6/65). The pathogenic strains of Salmonella serovars Paratyphi B var. java and Typhimurium were present in equal amounts at 4.62% (3/65) in samples from all swine farms. This study revealed that significant reduction in E. coli and coliform levels in sludge from covered lagoon biogas systems on swine farms. The presence of Salmonella as well as Cd and Pb, in significant amount in dry manure, suggests that there is a high probability of environmental contamination if it is used for agricultural purposes. Thus, careful waste and manure disposal from swine farms and the regular monitoring of wastewater is strongly recommended to ensure the safety of humans, other animals and the environment.     

Adsorptive property of Cu^2＋-loaded montmorillonite clays for Escherichia coli K_（88） in vitro

The Cu²⁺-loaded montmorillonite clays (MMT-Cu) may be a good material for the adsorbed and eliminated pathogenic bacteria from aqueous solution.     

英国可替代能源及节能

人类正面临着严重的石油短缺,因此正在努力减少化石燃料的使用以抑制温室气体排放所造成的全球变暖趋势。在此紧要关头,风能、太阳能、生物燃料等可替代能源就显示出了重要性。由于目前西欧正逐渐成为世界上人口最稠密的地区之一,这使得西欧在推行替代能源的过程中面临