保护海洋:你能做些什么?

地球表面的2/3为海洋所覆盖,我们生存所需的氧70%由海洋提供,面对气候变化及其他威胁,我们该如何去保护海洋呢?做下面的测试去找找答案吧。1、珊瑚白化是指:A.专业的潜水员为游客清洗和漂白珊瑚礁。B.珊瑚虫排出藻类致使珊瑚礁变白的过程。C.年深日久珊瑚会掉     

《中国环境科学》获评“2012中国最具国际影响力学术期刊”

正2012年12月,《中国环境科学》被评为"2012中国最具国际影响力学术期刊"."中国最具国际影响力学术期刊"是中国科学文献计量研究中心、清华大学图书馆依据《CAJ国际引证报告》,按2011年度中国学术期刊被SCI期刊、SSCI期刊引用的总被引频次排序并经40多位期刊界专家审议,遴选出的TOP5%期刊.获评"中国最具国际影响力学术期刊"的科技类期刊共156种.统计分析结果表明,从定量分析的角度     

Debromination of decabromodiphenyl ether by organo-montmorillonite-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron：Preparation, characterization and influence factors

An organo-montmorillonite-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron material(M-NZVI) was synthesized to degrade decabromodiphenyl ether(BDE-209). The results showed that nanoscale zero-valent iron had good dispersion on organo-montmorillonite and was present as a core-shell structure with a particle size range of nanoscale iron between 30–90 nm, characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, XRF, ICP-AES, and XPS. The results of the degradation of BDE-209 by M-NZVI showed that the efficiency of M-NZVI in removing BDE-209 was much higher than that of NZVI. The efficiency of M-NZVI in removing BDE-209 decreased as the pH and the initial dissolved oxygen content of the reaction solution increased, but increased as the proportion of water in the reaction solution increased.     

Arsenic removal from groundwater by acclimated sludge under autohydrogenotrophic conditions

Arsenic in the environment is attracting increasing attention due to its chronic health effects. Although arsenite(As(III)) is generally more mobile and more toxic than arsenate(As(V)), reducing As(V) to As(III) may still be a means for decontamination, because As(III) can be removed from solution by precipitation with sulfide or by adsorption or complexation with other metal sulfides. The performance of As(V) bio-reduction under autohydrogenotrophic conditions was investigated with batch experiments. The results showed that As(V) reduction was a biochemical process while both acclimated sludge and hydrogen were essential. Most of the reduced arsenic remained in a soluble form, although 20% was removed with no addition of sulfate, while 82% was removed when sulfate was reduced to sulfide. The results demonstrated that the reduced arsenic was re-sequestered in the precipitates, probably as arsenic sulfides. Kinetic analysis showed that pseudo first-order kinetics described the bio-reduction process better than pseudo second-order. In particular, the influences of pH and temperature on As(V) reduction by acclimated sludge under autohydrogenotrophic conditions and total soluble As removal were examined. The reduction process was highly sensitive to both pH and temperature, with the optimum ranges of pH 6.5–7.0 and 30–40°C respectively. Furthermore, Arrhenius modeling results for the temperature effect indicated that the As(V) reduction trend was systematic. Total soluble As removal was consistent with the trend of As(V) reduction.     

三聚磷酸二氢铝对氨气、有机胺气体的静态吸附

研究三聚磷酸二氢铝对氨、甲胺、二甲胺、三甲胺、正丁胺等气体的静态吸附过程动力学特性。比较了三聚磷酸二氢铝、活性炭对碱性气体的吸附性能与规律,通过滴定实验和红外测定推测其吸附机理。结果表明:活性炭对碱性气体的吸附存在脱附,尽管吸附速率较快但吸附量较小,对氨气、甲胺、二甲胺、三甲胺和正丁胺的吸附量分别是73.12、76.37、79.24、83.11、70.91 mg/g。三聚磷酸二氢铝对碱性气体的吸附是一个化学吸附过程,吸附速率快且吸附量大,吸附量分别是431.7、790.1、889.2、912.4、635.3 mg/g,其吸附过程符合Elovich方程,是一个由吸附速率和扩散因子综合控制的过程。     

维生素B_(12)催化降解三氯乙烯的碳氯同位素分馏机理

挥发性氯代烃(volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons,VCHs)是地下水中一类重要的有机污染物,维生素B12是催化VCHs还原脱氯的高效催化剂。该文选取VCHs中典型的污染物三氯乙烯(TCE)作为研究对象,以Ti(Ⅲ)为电子供体,探索不同pH条件下,维生素B12催化TCE还原脱氯过程中碳、氯同位素分馏机理。反应溶液初始pH为7.5~9.0时,其表观一级动力学反应速率系数k值为0.06~0.15 h-1;碳同位素富集系数εC为-1.8‰~-2.4‰,氯同位素富集系数εCl均值为-1.5‰。这说明,pH增大,Ti(Ⅲ)还原势能增大,反应的速率提高;还原脱氯不同反应途径所占份额改变,碳、氯同位素分馏程度变化。碳、氯的单体同位素分析(CSIA)技术可以用来评价地下水氯代烃污染降解程度和效率,结合分析2种元素能够提高污染物修复评价的准确性,同位素富集系数的稳定性研究可为其不同环境条件下的精确评价提供理论依据。     

应对气候变化的重要措施:碳汇造林

通过植树造林增加"碳汇"是针对气候变化问题的一项重要应对措施,与节能减排相比,具有成本低、易操作、可持续等优点。近年来,世界各国就林业碳汇问题不断达成共识,国际与国内碳汇市场发展迅速。开展碳汇造林不仅有助于我国实现既定的碳减排目标,同时顺应森林生态效益市场化趋势,有望让造林者通过清洁发展机制实现经济收益。为了让读者更全面深入地了解"碳汇造林",本刊特邀请有关专家对森林碳汇的产生背景、作用机制以及在我国开展碳汇造林工作的意义和前景进行分析解读。     

《环境科学》多项引证指标名列前茅

2014年9月26日,中国科学技术信息研究所在中国科技论文统计结果发布会上公布了2013年度中国科技论文统计结果.统计结果显示2013年度《环境科学》多项引证指标位居环境科学技术及资源科学技术类科技期刊前列.《环境科学》综合评价总分76.6,排名第一,总被引频次6 941,影响因子1.266.     

《环境科学》多项引证指标名列前茅

2013年9月27日,中国科学技术信息研究所在中国科技论文统计结果发布会上公布了2012年度中国科技论文统计结果.统计结果显示2012年度《环境科学》多项引证指标位居环境科学技术及资源科学技术类科技期刊前列.《环境科学》综合评价总分77.8,排名第一,总被引频次6 489,影响因子1.156.综合评价总分是根据中国科技期刊综合评价指标体系,计算多项科学计量指标(总被引频次、影响因子、他引率、基金论文比、引文率等),采用层次分析法确定重要指标的权重,分学科对每种期刊进行综合评,,     

《环境科学》再获“百种中国杰出学术期刊”称号

2013年9月27日,中国科技论文统计结果发布会在北京举行,会议公布了"百种中国杰出学术期刊"获奖名单.《环境科学》连续12次荣获"百种中国杰出学术期刊"称号."百种中国杰出学术期刊"是根据中国科技学术期刊综合评价指标体系进行评定.该体系利用总被引频次、影响因子、基金论文比、他引总引比等多个