河流恶臭生成机理及控制措施探讨

在对河流恶臭的生成机理及其形成过程进行分析和研究的基础上,提出了利用物理、化学和生物等工程措施进行河流恶臭污染治理的对策。     

利用生物法处理恶臭气体

介绍了生物技术处理恶臭气体的优越性,对生物法的工艺进行了说明,根据应用实例效果得出结论：该方法可行,有应用前景。     

完善中国恶臭环境标准体系的建议

中国恶臭污染防治事业起步较晚,现仅有恶臭污染物排放标准和恶臭测定方法标准,尚未形成一套完整的恶臭环境标准体系。本文将在分析国外恶臭环境标准的基础上,针对中国恶臭污染形势和标准现状,提出完善中国恶臭环境标准体系的几点建议。     

Effects of insoluble Zn, Cd, and EDTA on the growth, activities of antioxidant enzymes and uptake of Zn and Cd in Vetiveria zizanioides

A root-bag experiment was conducted to study the effects of insoluble Zn, Cd and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the plant growth, activities of antioxidant enzymes, proline, glutathione (GSH), water-soluble proteins and malondialdehyde (MDA) of Vetiveria zizanioides, and its uptake capacity of Zn and Cd.The results showed that plant growth of V.zizanioides was inhibited by Zn and Cd.The shoot dry weight (SDW) and root dry weight (RDW) decrease by 0.3%, 8.0%, 9.4% and 10.4%, 15.1%, 24.2% compared to the control without EDTA addition, respectively.After adding EDTA, shoot and root dry weight decreased over 10% and 15% compared to results in the absence of EDTA, respectively.The toxicity from insoluble Zn and Cd in soil on SDW and RDW of V.zizanioides was in order: Zn+Cd > Cd > Zn.The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), and contents of MDA and proline significantly increased, while the contents of GSH and water-soluble proteins markedly decreased with increasing Zn and Cd toxicity.With EDTA, shoot and root Zn concentrations increased in the Zn treatment by 7.3% and 37.4% compared to the plants grown in absence of EDTA.Shoot and root Cd concentrations in the combined Zn and Cd treatment with EDTA increased by 18.6% and 391.9% compared to the treatment without EDTA.However, Zn and Cd concentrations in shoot and roots decreased in the Cd treatment compared to the plants grown in absence of EDTA, with exception of root Cd concentration in the presence of EDTA).     

Performance of microbiological control by a point-of-use filter system for drinking water purification

Purification capacity of a faucet mounted type water filter for home use was evaluated, particularly with regard to microbiological performance under di erent running conditions. Biofilms were formed inside the filter, a ecting the bacterial quality of the e uent water. Low flow rate, long stagnation period and high filter temperature were found favorable for bacterial growth inside. By commercial analytical profile index (API) kits, ten di erent bacterial species were identified in drinking water, four of which were probably contributed to the biofilm formation since they were also present in the biofilm. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to confirm the API identification results, and direct viable count (DVC) method was employed to improve the sensitivity of FISH for the isolated Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas putida as models. Relationship between the filter operating condition and the bacterial community alteration was partly revealed, which could provide the basic knowledge for the filter design and its practical use.     

顶空气相色谱质谱法分析污泥恶臭成分

采用顶空气相色谱质谱(HS/GC-MS)联用技术对污泥恶臭成分进行检测,从污泥恶臭成分中分离多种化合物,并鉴定出烷、醛及苯等有机物。不同地区污泥的性质不尽相同,从而使恶臭成分也产生很大差异。HS/GC-MS法是一种分析污泥恶臭成分的有效方法,为污泥恶臭污染的防治提供了科学依据。     

石化园区恶臭污染源识别与分析

石油炼制企业是恶臭污染的重点行业之一,特别是随着国内原油中稠油比例增大及进口原油中中东高硫原油量的增加,恶臭带来的环境污染已成为大型石化园区亟待解决的环保难题之一。本文针对大型石化园区的特点,从石化主体生产装置、辅助生产装置、存储区等方面,对园区重点的恶臭污染源进行了识别与分析,以期对后续恶臭污染的治理提供参考与借鉴。     

在线恶臭电子鼻在臭气浓度监测中的应用

主要介绍了在线恶臭电子鼻的原理、优势、缺点以及主要应用。     

碳纤维含量对球形非金属阻隔防爆材料防爆性能的影响

在临界起爆能和高起爆能条件下,对装填碳纤维含量分别为6.5%、8.0%、9.5%和 11.0%球形非金属阻隔防爆材料的油箱进行等效静爆试验,探究球形非金属阻隔防爆材 料中碳纤维含量对其防爆性能的影响。利用红外热成像仪、高速摄像机分别记录油箱爆 炸火球的温度场参数及爆炸过程,并与未填装阻隔防爆材料的油箱进行对比。试验结果 表明:在临界起爆能条件下,装填4种材料的油箱均有一定阻燃防爆效果,油箱爆炸产 生的燃料云团面积有依次减小的趋势;在高起爆能量条件下,4种材料的外场防爆性能 分数分别为16.93、22.04、32.51、94.18,材料的防爆能力随着碳纤维含量的增加而增 强。     

Pseudomonas putida细胞对微囊藻毒素-LR的胁迫响应

将1.0g/L的微囊藻毒素-LR(MC-LR)降解菌恶臭假单胞菌(Pseudomonas putida)置于含不同浓度MC-LR的体系中,研究了体系中菌体细胞完整性和生物量的变化,考察了MC-LR对细胞的氧化胁迫以及抗氧化酶的响应.结果表明,MC-LR能够增大P. putida细胞质膜通透性,造成膜损伤,导致胞内物质外流,使细胞完整性遭到破坏;同时,MC-LR能够引起P. putida细胞的氧化胁迫,随着毒素暴露时间的延长,活性氧自由基(ROS)和膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高,具有明显的剂量效应.超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性在MC-LR的诱导下有一个先升后降的过程,表现为对低浓度污染物的主动响应,而高浓度(2.5 mg/L)MC-LR作用5d后,ROS积累到相当高水平,对细胞代谢功能造成破坏,使SOD活性下降,并加速细胞的死亡,P. putida生物量与对照相比,下降了将近50%.