顺序扫描电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定环境样品中的铝

电感耦合等离子体光源激发温度高达 70 0 0Ｋ ,能使难熔金属如硅、铝等元素原子或离子化 ,同时 ,能很快地破坏基体 ,减少干扰 .与ＥＴＡＡＳ法相比 ,由于顺序电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法采用连续的积分信号 ,提高了测定方法的精密度 .但是在测定铝时 ,检测限相差很大 (0 3— 1     

利用分子信标和EXO III放大荧光信号快速检测Ag+

设计新型的DNA探针,其主要功能区域包含适配体区域和分子信标互补区域;当无靶标存在时,羧基荧光素（FAM）的荧光被黑洞猝灭基团（BHQ）猝灭,加入靶标后,Ag⁺与适配体区域特异性结合,使得分子信标与其互补区域发生结合,加入EXO Ⅲ后,分子信标被酶解,从而释放Ag⁺/DNA探针复合物用于下一轮反应,同时产生大量的FAM,因此,可以通过荧光的增强来定量检测靶标的含量.评价了该方法的灵敏度和选择性,探究它在实际样品中的表现能力.结果表明,适配体区域与分子信标间隔2个碱基的DNA探针与分子信标结合效果最好,检测的信噪比最大.该方法对Ag⁺的检测最低下限（LOD）为0.1nmol/L,在0.5~200nmol/L范围内,荧光值与靶标浓度成线性关系（R²=0.994）.对实际样品的检测在20~200nmol/L范围内呈线性关系（R²=0.998）,且能很好的从混合样品中区分10nmol/L Ag⁺.该研究建立的快速检测Ag⁺方法具有良好的线性定量能力和操作性能,且灵敏度高、特异性强,可满足现实的需求.     

城市污水厂污泥碱性热水解的分离特性

为考察碱性热水解技术分离城市污水厂污泥中有机物和无机物的特性,设计单因素试验研究了Na OH投加量、反应温度和反应时间对分离效果的影响。结果发现:随着Na OH投加量升高,无机物先增多后减少,有机物变化趋势反之;反应温度升高,无机物变化不一致,有机物含量减少;反应时间延长,无机物增多,有机物减少。试验得出:最佳反应条件为Na OH投加量10%、反应温度150℃、反应时间2 h。在此条件下,固相中无机物和有机物含量分别为76.6%和23.4%,液相中COD、NH3-N、TN和TP分别为139 733,446,3 326,238 mg/L。由电子扫描显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)表征结果可知,反应后细胞结构破碎,有机物和无机物均被释放减少;由X射线荧光光谱(X-ray fluorescence,XRF)可知,反应后金属元素含量增加;而GC-MS分析结果表明,水解后有机化合物的种类、含量均有减少。     

Biofilm structure and its influence on clogging in drip irrigation emitters distributing reclaimed wastewater

Using reclaimed wastewater for crop irrigation is a practical alternative to discharge wastewater treatment plant effluents into surface waters.However,biofouling has been identified as a major contributor to emitter clogging in drip irrigation systems distributing reclaimed wastewater.Little is known about the biofilm structure and its influence on clogging in the drip emitter flow path.This study was first to investigate the microbial characteristics of mature biofilms present in the emitters and the effect of flow path structures on the biofilm microbial communities.The analysis of biofilm matrix structure using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that particles in the matrix of the biofilm coupled extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) and formed sediment in the emitter flow path.Analysis of biofilm mass including protein,polysaccharide and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) showed that emitter flow path style influenced biofilm community structure and diversity.The correlations of biofilm biomass and discharge reduction after 360 h irrigation were computed and suggest that PFLAs provide the best correlation coefficient.Comparatively,the emitter with the unsymmetrical dentate structure and shorter flow path (Emitter C) had the best anti-clogging capability.By optimizing the dentate structure,the internal flow pattern within the flow path could be enhanced as an important method to control the biofilm within emitter flow path.This study established electron microscope techniques and biochemical microbial analysis methods that may provide a framework for future emitter biofilm studies.     

环球扫描

柴达木盆地将建成中国最大的并网太阳能电站;城市的清洁模式;中美能否在气候与能源问题上联手协作？;白宫环保到底有几多？;什么食物有助于环保？。     

环球扫描

大气中的烟尘幽灵;耐克低调推行环保;奥巴马够环保吗？中国多城市酝酿上调水价;绿领经济分级制度。     

Combined fluorescence and electrochemical investigation on the binding interaction between organic acid and human serum albumin

Human serum albumin (HSA) is a plasma protein responsible for the binding and transport of fatty acids and a variety of exogenous chemicals such as drugs and environmental pollutants. Such binding plays a crucial role in determining the ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) and bioavailability of the pollutants. We report investigation on the binding interaction between HSA and acetic acid (C2), octanoic acid (C8) and dodecanoic acid (C12) by the combination of site-specific fluorescent probe, tryptophan intrinsic fluorescence and tyrosine electrochemistry. Two fluorescent probes, dansylamide and dansyl-L-proline, were employed in the displacement measurement to study fatty acid interaction with the two drug-binding sites on HSA. Intrinsic fluorescence of tryptophan in HSA was monitored upon addition of the fatty acids into HSA. Electrocatalyzed response of the tyrosine residues in HSA by a redox mediator was used to investigate the binding interaction. Qualitatively, observations made by the three approaches are very similar. HSA did not show any change in either fluorescence or electrochemistry after mixing with C2, suggesting there is no significant interaction with the short-chain fatty acid. For C8, the measured signal dropped in a single-exponential fashion, indicative of independent and non-cooperative binding. The calculated association constant and binding ratio is 3.1×106 L/mol and 1 with drug binding Site I, 1.1×107 L/mol and 1 with Site II, and 7.0×104 L/mol and 4 with the tryptophan site. The measurement with C12 displayed multiple phases of fluorescence change, suggesting cooperativity and allosteric effect of C12 binding. These results correlate well with those obtained by the established methods, and validate the new approach as a viable tool to study the interactions of environmental pollutants with biological molecules.     

Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange over ITO/CdS/ZnO interface composite films

ITO/CdS/ZnO interface composite films were successfully prepared by subsequent electrodeposition of CdS and ZnO onto indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrates. The obtained ITO/CdS/ZnO composite films were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of ITO/CdS/ZnO composite films were investigated using methyl orange (MO) as a model organic compound under UV light irradiation. The influence of operating parameters on MO degradation including initial concentration of MO, pH value of solution, and inorganic anion species over the composite films were examined. A blue shift of absorption threshold was observed for the ITO/CdS/ZnO film in comparison with ITO/ZnO film. ITO/CdS/ZnO composite films prepared under specific conditions showed a higher photocatalytic activity than that of ITO/ZnO films. It was also found that the photocatalytic degradation of MO on the composite filing followed pseudo-first order kinetics.     

Synthesis, characterization, and adsorption performance of Pb（Ⅱ）-imprinted polymer in nano-TiO2 matrix

Surface ion-imprinted in combination with sol-gel process was applied to synthesis a new Pb(II)-imprinted polymer for selective separation and enrichment of trace Pb(II) from aqueous solution. The prepared material was characterized by using the infrared spectra, X-ray di ractometer, and scanning electron microscopy. The batch experiments were conducted to study the optimal adsorption condition of adsorption trace Pb(II) from aqueous solutions on Pb(II)-imprinted polymer. The equilibrium was achieved in approximately 4.0 h, and the experimental kinetic data were fitted the pseudo second-order model better. The maximum adsorption capacity was 22.7 mg/g, and the Langmuir equation fitted the adsorption isotherm data. The results of selectivity experiment showed that selectively adsorbed rate of Pb(II) on Pb(II)-imprinted polymer was higher than all other studied ions. Desorption conditions of the adsorbed Pb(II) from the Pb(II)-imprinted polymer were also studied in batch experiments. The prepared Pb(II)-imprinted polymer was shown to be promising for the separation and enrichment of trace Pb(II) from water samples. The adsorption and desorption mechanisms were proposed.     

钢丝缠绕增强塑料复合管钢塑粘合状态的判别方法

钢丝缠绕增强塑料复合管(简称PSP)融钢管的高强度和塑料管的柔性、耐腐蚀于一体,广泛应用于能源、化工、海洋、资源输送等领域。PSP钢塑之间的粘合状态直接影响管道的安全使用。常规的无损检测方法难以检测PSP钢塑之间的粘合状态。笔者采用超声相控阵技术及B扫描实时成像技术,对PSP钢丝和塑料之间的粘接程度进行超声检测试验。通过试验研究得出:根据超声图像中钢丝成像规律和钢塑界面反射回波特征,可间接反映PSP钢塑之间的粘合状况。