节水灌溉对生态环境影响评价方法的研究

如今对各类建设项目建成后会通过评估和预测,分析该项目对环境可能造成的影响,因为其前瞻性等优点得到了广泛的应用。然而,针对于节水灌溉工程这类研究还相对比较匮乏,国内针对节水灌溉对生态环境影响评价进行了进一步的分析以及研究,并且得出了本文主要介绍的两种重点方法。     

猪场废水灌溉农田土壤重金属污染及风险评价

为了了解因灌溉猪场废水引起重金属积累的潜在生态风险影响,采集了河北省京安猪场区域农田清灌区和灌溉8年猪场废水污灌区的耕层(0～20cm)共52个土壤样品,并测定了样品中Zn、Cu、Cd、Cr、Pb和As含量。根据背景资料和主成分分析判断重金属污染来源,并应用地积累指数和Hakanson潜在生态风险评价指数进行重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价分析。结果表明,研究区Zn、Cu和As的污染源主要为猪场废水,Pb污染源主要为化肥,而Cd和Cr主要来源于土壤母质,研究区农田土壤重金属为轻微或中等程度污染,潜在生态风险指数RI为低值。     

安全民生无小事 一枝一叶总关情——省三防办赴新丰江和枫树坝水库调研防汛抗旱工作

本刊讯10月21日,省三防办主任,省应急管理厅党委书记、厅长王中丙带队到新丰江和枫树坝水库调研,分析研判东江流域雨情、水情、旱情形势,安排部署抗旱保供水工作。王中丙指出,近期,“狮子山”和“圆规”两个台风给广东部分地区带来了降水,旱情有所缓解,但是降雨不均匀,东江流域抗旱形势仍然严峻,要注重节水,精准调度,确保东江流域的生活用水、生产用水、生态用水。     

Irrigation quotas for high water use efficiency and economic water productivity of typical crops in Shiyang River Basin北大核心CSCD

Water consumption in agricultural activities is the main water use in inland oases in Northwest China. Research on water conservation in agriculture is of great significance to alleviate the conflict between the use of agricultural and ecological water and is of great importance to local farmers’ livelihoods. This study, based on traditional irrigation practices (flood irrigation and fixed irrigation frequency) of Minqin County in Shiyang River Basion, was designed to reveal the impacts of five irrigation quotas (1 800, 1 440, 1 080, 720, and 360 m3/hm2) on crop yield, biomass, irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), and economic water productivity (EWP) to determine the optimal irrigation for five crops and guide local irrigation practices. The results showed that: (1) Under the five irrigation quotas, IWUE of corn, with the highest of 12.27 kg/m3, was higher than the other four crops; (2) The average EWP of cotton with a 2-year-average of 8.0 yuan/m3 was higher than the other four crops. Thus, the economic output of cotton is the best under the same irrigation quota; (3) Considering the yield, IWUE, EWP, and biomass, corn was better than the other four typical crops; and (4) 1 080 m3/hm2 was the optimal irrigation quota for sunflower in local planting practices. In addition, 720 m3/hm2 was suitable for corn, pepper, wheat, and cotton as their irrigation quota. This study shows that reducing the amount of irrigation quota in the Shiyang River Basin can effectively improve local IWUE and EWP. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.     

崇明岛地下水资源的利用现状及保护措施

未来地下水资源短缺,特别是由于地面沉降、地表退化、海平面上升等引起的地下水位下降,将对沿海地区的地质环境及人类的生存发展产生极大的影响。通过对崇明地区地下水资源利用现状以及影响地下水位下降的影响因素分析,提出了改善传统的灌溉系统来减少地下水资源的使用、海岸沿线修建人工湖泊防止海水入侵、鼓励农民大面积种植水稻、制定管理措施严格控制地下水的开采总量、进一步加强崇明岛地面沉降动态监测与研究等相应的防范措施。强调控制地下水位的下降,以减轻淡水资源短缺所造成的危害,具有特殊而重要的意义。     

云南某大型水库及其灌区水温影响研究

云南某大型水库为季调节水库.采用宽度平均的立面二维水温数学模型对典型平水年的水库水温分布、下泄水温及其灌溉干渠沿程水温进行了预测和分析,结果表明:该水库水温结构呈过渡型水温结构和季节性水温分层现象,其中2—5月存在表层温跃层,分层现象较明显,垂向最大温差3.3℃.水库运行对下游水温过程有一定程度的春夏季低温水影响.下泄...