Beyond hypoxia：Occurrence and characteristics of black blooms due to the decomposition of the submerged plant Potamogeton crispus in a shallow lake

Organic matter-induced black blooms(hypoxia and an offensive odor) are a serious ecosystem disasters that have occurred in some large eutrophic shallow lakes in China. In this study, we investigated two separate black blooms that were induced by Potamogeton crispus in Lake Taihu, China. The main physical and chemical characteristics, including color- and odor-related substances, of the black blooms were analyzed. The black blooms were characterized by low dissolved oxygen concentration(close to 0 mg/L), low oxidation-reduction potential, and relatively low pH of overlying water. Notably higher Fe2+and∑S2-were found in the black-bloom waters than in waters not affected by black blooms. The black color of the water may be attributable to the high concentration of these elements, as black FeS was considered to be the main substance causing the black color of blooms in freshwater lakes. Volatile organic sulfur compounds, including dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, and dimethyl trisulfide, were very abundant in the black-bloom waters. The massive anoxic degradation of dead Potamogeton crispus plants released dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, and dimethyl trisulfide, which were the main odor-causing compounds in the black blooms. The black blooms also induced an increase in ammonium nitrogen and soluble reactive phosphorus levels in the overlying waters. This extreme phenomenon not only heavily influenced the original lake ecosystem but also greatly changed the cycling of Fe, S, and nutrients in the water column.     

Inhibitory effects of nisin-coated multi-walled carbon nanotube sheet on biofilm formation from Bacillus anthracis spores

Multi-walled carbon nanotube（MWCNT） sheet was fabricated from a drawable MWCNT forest and then deposited on poly（methyl methacrylate） film. The film was further coated with a natural antimicrobial peptide nisin. We studied the effects of nisin coating on the attachment of Bacillus anthracis spores, the germination of attached spores, and the subsequent biofilm formation from attached spores. It was found that the strong adsorptivity and the super hydrophobicity of MWCNTs provided an ideal platform for nisin coating. Nisin coating on MWCNT sheets decreased surface hydrophobicity, reduced spore attachment, and reduced the germination of attached spores by 3.5 fold, and further inhibited the subsequent biofilm formation by 94.6% compared to that on uncoated MWCNT sheet. Nisin also changed the morphology of vegetative cells in the formed biofilm.The results of this study demonstrated that the anti-adhesion and antimicrobial effect of nisin in combination with the physical properties of carbon nanotubes had the potential in producing effective anti-biofilm formation surfaces.     

冬季东海、南黄海中DMS和DMSP浓度分布及影响因素研究

于2011年12月~2012年1月现场测定了东海、南黄海表层海水中二甲基硫(DMS)及其前体物质二甲巯基丙酸内盐(DMSP分为溶解态DMSPd和颗粒态DMSPp)的含量,研究了它们的浓度分布规律及其影响因素,并对DMSPp的粒级分布和DMS的海-气通量进行了探讨.结果表明,表层海水中DMS、DMSPd和DMSPp的浓度分别在0.58~4.14、0.37~7.86和4.29~25.76 nmol·L-1之间,平均值分别为(2.20±0.82)、(2.12±1.66)和(11.98±6.23)nmol·L-1.DMS、DMSPp与叶绿素a(Chl-a)呈现明显的正相关关系,并且它们的周日变化趋势基本一致,说明浮游植物生物量是影响研究海域内DMS和DMSP生产分布的关键因素.另外,DMSPd浓度和总细菌丰度表现出一定的负相关,这可能是在细菌释放的DMSP裂解酶的作用下DMSPd会发生裂解生成DMS.研究发现,5~20μm的微型浮游植物是海区内Chl-a和DMSPp的主要贡献者.此外,冬季东海、南黄海表层海水DMS的海-气通量在0.61~25.52μmol·(m2·d)-1之间,平均值为(8.30±5.92)μmol·(m2·d)-1.     

硫铁比对再生水深度脱氮除磷的影响

为了考察硫铁比对反硝化脱氮同步除磷效果的影响,进行了不同硫铁比的反硝化脱氮除磷静态实验,并对复合填料系统反硝化脱氮同步除磷作用进行了分析.结果表明,硫铁复合填料的脱氮除磷效果均显著高于单一填料;硫铁比是影响复合填料反硝化脱氮除磷效果的一个关键因素,当硫铁比(体积比)大于等于1∶1时,TN、TP去除率分别达到了85%和97%以上.复合填料脱氮除磷过程均满足二级动力学方程,系统脱氮作用主要依赖于异养反硝化和硫自养反硝化过程,而除磷主要由于海绵铁腐蚀产生的化学除磷作用.     

饥饿对硫自养反硝化反应器生物群落结构的影响

采用颗粒硫磺/白云石和黄铁矿/白云石自养反硝化反应器处理二沉尾水,探究饥饿忍耐对反应器去除效果、微生物群落变化的影响及其性能恢复时间.结果表明,在12~14℃的低温条件下,经过30 d的不进水饥饿忍耐后,颗粒硫磺/白云石和黄铁矿/白云石反应器出水NO_3~--N浓度分别从1.78 mg·L~(-1)、11.32 mg·L~(-1)增加到27.87 mg·L~(-1)、26.56 mg·L~(-1).颗粒硫磺/白云石和黄铁矿/白云石自养反硝化反应器分别在重启后的第5 d和11 d使得NO_3~--N去除性能恢复至饥饿前的水平,并且在低温条件下保持了良好的脱氮效果.MiSeq高通量测序结果表明,2个反应器的细菌群落的丰度和多样性饥饿期均低于恢复期,且优势菌门均为Proteobacteria,主要的纲类为β-Proteobacteria.硫磺/白云石反应器中鉴别出Thiobacillus菌属为主要反硝化类群.     

微生物燃料电池处理含S2-/NH4+废水的研究

以除硫硝化微生物燃料电池(Microbial Fuel Cell,MFC)处理含S~(2-)/NH_4~+的模拟无机废水,研究了不同进水S~(2-)浓度下MFC的产电性能、污染物去除效果和阳极室硫累积情况.结果表明,除硫硝化MFC可实现同步阳极除硫和阴极硝化,并通过非生物电化学作用和生物电化学作用共同产电.进水S~(2-)浓度为(60.8±2.9)、(131.7±2.4)、(161.7±4.5)和(198.1±3.1)mg·L~(-1)时,最佳阳极碳刷清洗周期分别为3、3、3、4个换水周期,前3个进水浓度下的换水周期可分别缩短为6、8和8 h.MFC阴极硝化完全,不受进水S~(2-)浓度影响,但氧从阴极向阳极的渗漏导致阳极库仑效率较低(40%).适当增加进水S~(2-)浓度可增强MFC的产电性能并提高S~(2-)去除负荷和颗粒硫累积比.除硫硝化MFC适宜的进水S~(2-)浓度为(161.7±4.5)mg·L~(-1),相应的最大功率密度为5.77 W·m~(-3),周期产电量为(141.0±5.2)C,S~(2-)去除负荷为(0.31±0.00)g·L~(-1)·d~(-1),颗粒硫累积比达58%.阳极碳纤维丝上沉积有粒径约100 nm的颗粒硫.阳极悬浮物与沉积物相比,悬浮物中S0含量比例较高,而S6+含量比例较低.     

工业燃煤尾气纯碱除硫洗涤液的定性定量试验方法

鉴于现阶段没有工业尾气碱法除硫洗涤液的相关检验分析国家标准和其他标准,提出了科学有效的试验方法定性洗涤液中的成分,测定溶液中各成分的含量。通过除硫效果,控制纯碱成本,利于工业生产节能减排。     

应用Dot—ABC法检测植物镉金属污染

用不同浓度的氯化镉诱导黄瓜幼叶Cd—MT的产生，并应用Dot—ABC法检测了30种来自天水不同区域植物的MT含量，初步确定它们的重金属污染情况。结果表明，CA—MT浓度与环境诱导浓度呈显著正相关，Dot—ABC法检测的植物金属硫蛋白的最低含量为16mg，并初步估测了其中10种植物可能存在不同程度的重金属污染。本法具有特异、简便和灵敏的特点，可用于农产品镉金属污染的检测。     

我国染料行业几种主要废水的治理技术概况

对我国染料行业的染料与中间体综合废水、含盐废水及含硫废水的治理技术进行了评述，并对今后废水治理工作提出了建议。