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971.
Characteristics of the microbial communities in the integrated vertical-flow
constructed wetlands 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Microorganisms play an important role in removing pollutants from constructed wetlands. We investigated the microbial characteristics in a novel integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland (IVCW), which has been in operation in Wuhan, China since 1998. We used phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) and amoA gene to analyze the structure and diversity of the microbial community within the IVCW. PLFA results suggested that the amount of bacterial PLFA was significantly higher than that of fungal PLFA, but the total microbial biomass represented by PLFA index was low in the system. Microbial spatial distribution showed significantly higher bacterial (both G+ and G−) and fungal biomass in the surface than in the subsurface layers. The ratios of monounsaturated to branched PLFA demonstrated that an anaerobic layer sandwiched by two aerobic layers existed in the IVCW, consistent with the redox potential results. Analysis of the amoA revealed the presence of Nitrosomonas-like sequences in the surface substrate of the downflow chamber and apparent diversities of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the system. These results suggest that microorganisms, despite their relatively low biomass, have inhabited the IVCW, and the results will offer some valuable information on microbe to system designers and managers. 相似文献
972.
The anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (ANAMMOX) bacteria were enriched from a sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR). A
quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction (QC-PCR) system was successfully developed to detect and quantify ANAMMOX
bacteria in environmental samples. For QC-PCR system, PCR primer sets targeting 16S ribosomal RNA genes of ANAMMOX bacteria
were designed and used. The quantification range of this system was 4 orders of magnitude, from 103 to 106 copies per PCR,
corresponding to the detection limit of 300 target copies per mL. A 312-bp internal standard was constructed, which showed very
similar amplification e ciency with the target amxC fragment (349 bp) over 4 orders of magnitude (103–106). The linear regressions
were obtained with R2 of 0.9824 for 103 copies, 0.9882 for 104 copies, 0.9857 for 105 copies and 0.9899 for 106 copies, respectively.
Using this method, ANAMMOX bacteria were quantified in a shortcut nitrification/denitrification-anammox system which was set for
piggery wastewater treatment. 相似文献
973.
固定化氨氧化细菌短程硝化稳定性研究 总被引:9,自引:5,他引:4
以高分子聚合物为载体,采用细胞增殖技术固定氨氧化细菌,研究了氨氮负荷、HRT、初始游离氨(FA)和有机物等因素对短程硝化过程稳定性的影响.实验结果表明,当进水氨氮负荷分别为100、150和200 mg/L时,出水氨氮浓度均小于10 mg/L;当进水氨氮浓度为25.8、51.1和93.3 mg/L时,分别经历3、6、12 h后,出水氨氮浓度低,亚硝化效果好,可以根据进水氨氮浓度的变化,适当地凋整系统水力停留时间(HRT)并优化系统的运行;当游离氨(FA)浓度>9 mg/L时,对氨氧化细菌会产生抑制;低分子有机物的存在对氨氧化细菌的活性具有一定的促进作用,有机物浓度对亚硝化率基本不产生影响,实验过程中在有机物存在的条件下.发生了短程硝化反硝化反应.使得系统总氮减少. 相似文献
974.
975.
976.
16S rDNA 克隆文库法分析Biostyr 曝气生物滤池处理城市污水的细菌多样性研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
采用分子生物学手段16SrDNA克隆文库方法,对第三代生物膜法代表工艺Biostyr曝气生物滤池(BAF)中滤料表面细菌进行了多样性研究.从16SrDNA克隆文库中随机挑选了50个克隆子进行序列测定(约1.5kb),对测序结果进行了BLAST对比.结果表明,BiostyrBAF系统中的细菌群落具有高度多样性,有41个克... 相似文献
977.
978.
Biodegradation of geosmin in drinking water by novel bacteria isolated from
biologically active carbon 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Beihai Zhou Rongfang Yuan Chunhong Shi Liying Yu Junnong Gu Chunlei Zhang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(5):816-823
Three strains of Gram-negative bacteria capable of removing geosmin from drinking water were isolated from biologically active
carbon and identified to be Chryseobacterium sp., Sinorhizobium sp. and Stenotrophomonas sp. based on physio-biochemistry analysis
and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Removal e ciencies of 2 mg/L geosmin in mineral salts medium were 84.0%, 80.2% and
74.4% for Chryseobacterium sp., Sinorhizobium sp. and Stenotrophomonas sp., respectively, while removal e ciencies of 560 ng/L
geosmin in filter influent were 84.8%, 82.3% and 82.5%, respectively. The biodegradation of geosmin was determined to be a pseudo
first-order reaction, with rate constants at 2 mg/L and 560 ng/L being 0.097 and 0.086 day??1, 0.089 and 0.084 day??1, 0.074 and 0.098
day??1 for the above mentioned degraders, respectively. The biomass of culture in the presence of geosmin was much higher than that
in the absence of geosmin. 相似文献
979.
980.
Multiple biostimulation treatments were applied to enhance the removal of heavy crude oil pollutants in the saline soil of Yellow River Delta. Changes of the soil bacterial community were monitored using the terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and clone library analyses. The 140-day microcosm experiments showed that low C:N:P ratio, high availability of surfactant and addition of bulking agent significantly enhanced the performance, leading to the highest total petroleum hydrocarbon removal. Meanwhile, the bacterial community was remarkably changed by the multiple biostimulation treatments, with the Deltaproteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria and Planctomycetes being inhibited and the Alpha- and Beta-proteobacteria and some unknown Gammaproteobacteria bacteria being enriched. In addition, different hydrocarbon-degraders came to power in the following turn. At the first stage, the Alcanivorax-veldXed Gammaproteobacteria bacteria dominated in the biostimulated soil and contributed mainly to the biodegradation of easily degradable portion of the heavy crude oil. Then the bacteria belonging to Alphaproteobacteria, followed by bacteria belonging to Candidate division OD1, became the dominant oil-degraders to degrade the remaining recalcitrant constituents of the heavy crude oil. 相似文献