藻毒素对自来水提取物诱导大鼠肝癌的促进作用

为了研究自来水有机提取物与藻毒素在大鼠肝癌诱导过程中的协同作用.以自来水有机提取物为启动剂,藻毒素为促进剂,构建大鼠肿瘤促进模型(Solt-farber模型),观察肝脏病理形态改变,并检测肝细胞中c-fos、c-jun、GSTPi表达情况.结果表明,实验组动物肝脏产生结节性增生灶,自来水有机提取物能诱导肝细胞GSTPi表达,藻毒素单独作用不能诱导GSTPi表达,但能够促进自来水有机提取物诱导产生的GSTPi表达;同时,藻毒素还能诱导肝细胞中c-fos、c-jun表达增加,并具有一定的剂量反应关系.自来水有机提取物具有启动活性,藻毒素具有促癌活性,影响细胞MAPK信号旁路而诱导具有增殖潜能的启动细胞克隆增殖异常是藻毒素可能的促癌机制.     

阴离子对UV/H2O2/微曝气工艺降解双酚A 的影响

试验研究了水中典型阴离子对UV/H₂O₂/微曝气工艺降解内分泌干扰物双酚A 的影响.结果表明,随着HCO₃^-和NO₃^-浓度的增大,BPA的降解速率下降,当HCO₃^-浓度增加到400mg/L 时,反应常数(k)从0.1613min-1 降低到0.0804min^-1;当NO₃^-的浓度增加到800mg/L 时, k 值降低到0.1107min^-1;而SO₄²-和Cl-浓度在一定范围内增加时,有利于BPA 的降解,当SO₄²-的浓度为800mg/L 左右时,对降解促进作用最大, k 值增加到0.1814min-1;当Cl-的浓度为400mg/L 左右时, k 值增加到0.1772min-1,但是当浓度继续增加时,BPA 的降解速度将降低.4 种离子对BPA 的降解影响大小顺序为HCO₃^-> NO₃^->SO₄²->Cl-.     

盐分对粉壤土氮转化的影响

采用室内恒温通气培养法,以北京地区耕作层典型粉壤土为对象,研究盐分对土壤氮素矿化和硝化的影响.实验设置了4个不同盐分〔以ρ（NaCl）计,分别为20,30,50和80 mg/L〕处理和对照处理,并在硝化实验的土壤中加入一定量的（NH₄）₂SO₄,分别在30 ℃恒温培养箱中进行为期105 d（矿化）和49 d（硝化）的培养实验.结果表明:在初期的培养中,低盐分有利于土壤氮素转化,ρ（NaCl）为20 mg/L的处理分别比对照处理的累积矿化量和累积硝化量多18.21%和1.87%;而在长期培养过程中,高盐分不利于土壤氮素转化,且ρ（NaCl）越高抑制越明显,其对土壤氮素矿化和硝化的抑制率达到67.92%和62.58%;土壤矿化势和硝化势随w（NaCl）分别呈指数递减,矿化速率常数和硝化速率常数与土壤中w（NaCl）为二次函数关系.      

不同桉树人工林Fe元素积累和循环的比较

为了桉树(Eucalyptus)的可持续经营,采用野外设置样地和室内分析方法相结合,对刚果12桉(Eucalyptus.ABL12)、尾叶桉(E.urophylla)、窿缘桉(E.exserta)3种桉树Fe元素的积累、循环进行比较研究.研究结果表明:刚果12桉、尾叶桉、窿缘桉3种桉树Fe元素质量分数平均值为:2 438.935 4、4618.853 5、3 858.128 8 mg·kg-1;林分Fe元素积累量为:16 787.430 7、73 163.470 1、16 421.537 kg·hm-2.年存留量为尾叶桉＞刚果12桉＞窿缘桉;年归还量为尾叶桉＞窿缘桉＞刚果12桉;刚果12桉、尾叶桉、窿缘桉循环系数分别为0.56、0.49、0.78.尾叶桉林下有植被的林分和林下无植被的林分Fe元素的质量分数分别为5 999.592 9、3 438.114 mg·kg-1;林分Fe元素积累量为:157.005 2、90.926 1 kg·hm-2;Fe元素年存留量分别为31.401 1、18.185 3 kg·hm-2·a-1;年归还量分别为33.418 3、13.947 kg·hm-2·a-1;年吸收量分别为64.819 4、32.132 3 kg·hm-2·a-1;循环系数分别为0.51、0.43.研究结果表明桉树凋落物的回归,促进林下植被的生长发育,对桉树人工林Fe元素的动态平衡起着重要的作用.     

生物可降解络合剂聚天冬氨酸治理土壤重金属污染

土壤重金属污染会产生严重的生态环境问题,土壤淋洗技术可达到土壤修复的目的,其中络合剂的选择是达到安全、有效修复效果的关键.聚天冬氨酸(PASP)可生物降解,对环境安全.文章选择PASP作为重金属的络合剂,研究其修复土壤重金属污染的效果.结果表明,PASP对金属离子Cd、Zn和Ca均有较好的提取率,均超过50%,并且络合剂/重金属的摩尔比越高,提取效果越好,受pH的影响就越少,提取速率开始比较快,而后趋于平缓.在PASP络合物的形态分布中,在pH较低阶段,PASP-Cd络合物所占的比例较大,随着pH的升高,PASP-Zn和PASP-Ca的比例增加,同时微生物对聚天冬氨酸的降解作用对治理效果产生负面影响.PASP可作为环保型的络合剂,达到修复土壤重金属污染的目的.     

膨润土对土壤腐殖质特性的影响

砂质土壤腐殖质含量低,影响了土壤肥力.文章通过田间条件下砂滤管试验,利用膨润土的吸附和粘结功能,研究了膨润土不同用量对土壤腐殖质特性的影响.结果表明:膨润土在促进松结态腐殖质分解、加速紧结态腐殖质合成方面发挥了重要作用,有利于增加土壤系统的内稳性.施用膨润土促进了紧结态和稳结态腐殖质中HA的积累,提高了HA/FA比.胡敏酸红外吸收光谱表明,膨润土能使其脂肪族物质增多、芳化度降低.膨润土具有提高土壤腐殖质含量,改善土壤腐殖质特性,从而提高了土壤肥力.     

芦苇化感物质EMA对铜绿微囊藻生理特性的影响

研究了芦苇产生的化感物质2-甲基乙酰乙酸乙酯(EMA)对铜绿微囊藻呼吸作用、光合作用和抗氧化酶体系的影响.结果表明,在实验条件下,EMA能提高铜绿微囊藻的呼吸速率,使培养瓶中的CO₂浓度升高;降低铜绿微囊藻的光合作用速率,促进了铜绿微囊藻叶绿素a的降解,使其含量降低;较低浓度的EMA提高了铜绿微囊藻的过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶和脱氢酶的活性,而更高浓度的EMA则显著降低了这些酶活性(α=0.05).高浓度EMA抑制铜绿微囊藻的抗氧化酶体系并促进藻类叶绿素的降解可能是其抑藻机理之一.     

Purified terephthalic acid wastewater biodegradation and toxicity

The biodegradation and toxicity of the purified terephthalic acid（PTA） processing wastewater was researched at NJYZ pilot with the fusant strain Fhhh in the carrier activated sludge process（ CASP）. Sludge loading rate（SLR） for Fhhh to COD of the wastewater was 1.09 d^-1 and to PTA in the wastewater was 0.29 d^-1. The results of bioassay at the pilot and calculation with software Ebis3 showed that the 48h-LC50 （median lethal concentration） to Daphnia magna for the PTA concentration in the wastewater was only 1/10 of that for the chemical PTA. There were .5 kinds of benzoate pollutants and their toxicities existing in the wastewater at least. The toxicity parameter value of the pure chemical PTA cannot be used to predicate the PTA wastewater toxicity. The toxicity of the NJYZ PTA wastewater will be discussed in detail in this paper.     

Photodegradation of nitroaromatic compounds in aqueous solutions in the UV/H2O2 process

Photodegradation of nitrobenzene and nitrophenols in aqueous solutions by means of UV/H2 O2 process was studied in the Rayox batch reactors. Three nitrophenol isomers were identified as main photoproducts in the irradiated NB aqueous solutions. The distribution of nitrophenol isomers follows the order p-〉 m-〉 o-nitrophenol. Other intermediates detected include nitrohydroquinone, nitrocatechol, catechol, benzoquinone, phenol, nitrate/nitrite ions, formic acid, glyoxylic acid, maleic acid, oxalic acid and some aliphatic ketones and aldehydes. The degradation of nitrobenzene and nitrophenols at initial stages follows the first-order kinetics and the decay rate constants for nitrobenzene（NB） are around l0^-3-10^-2 s^-1 and for nitrophenols are around 10^-2 s^-1. The decomposition of H2 O2 in the presence of NB and each nitrophenol isomers follows zero-order kinetics. The quantum yields at initial stages for NB decay were estimated around 0.30 to 0.36, and for NPs decay is around 0.31-0.54.     

Adsorption of dyes onto activated carbon prepared from olive stones

Activated carbon was produced from olive stones（OSAC） by a physical process in two steps. The adsorption character of this activated carbon was tested on three colour dyes molecules in aqueous solution： Methylene blue（MB）, Rhodamine B（RB） and Congo Red（CR）. The adsorption equilibrium was studied through isotherms construction at 30℃, which were well described by Langmuir model. The adsorption capacity on the OSAC was estimated to be 303 mg/g, 217 mg/g and 167 mg/g respectively for MB, RB and CR. This activated carbon has a similar adsorption properties to that of commercial ones and show the same adsorption performances. The adsorption kinetics of the MB molecule in aqueous solution at different initial concentrations by OSAC was also studied. Kinetic experiments were well fitted by a simple intra-particle diffusion model. The measured kinetics constant was influenced by the initial concentration and we found the following correlation： Kid = 1.55 C0^0.51.