关于抑尘剂开发及其存在主要问题的探讨

基于化学抑尘剂与粉尘之间的润湿、粘结、凝聚作用机制,综述了近年来各类化学抑尘剂的合成技术及原理,概述了化学抑尘剂在矿山粉尘抑制中的应用现状,并对化学抑尘剂研究方向的主要问题和应用前景进行了探讨。     

基于LandsatTM数据的济宁市水体识别方法研究

文章基于济宁市2009年LANDSAT TM影像,根据影像各波段间的相关性和地物在各影像上的灰度差异,分别采用单波段阈值法、多波段谱间关系法、改进的水体指数法(MNDWI)及HIS空间水体提取模型法对济宁市水体信息进行识别提取。在此基础上,结合归一化指数法和HIS空间水体提取模型,提出了一种综合性的水体信息提取方法,并对各方法提取结果进行了精度评价。结果表明,已有方法对济宁市水体识别存在一定的缺陷,而综合法集成了归一化指数法和HIS空间水体模型的优点,很好地弥补了已有方法的不足,对济宁市水体信息进行了较好的提取,尤其是细小水体,同时也很好地消除了建筑物、阴影、水生植被等的影响,提高了济宁市水体信息识别的精度,为更好地定量评价济宁市地表水体时空演变规律等提供帮助。     

3种杀真菌剂对 AM真菌侵染和黄芩生长的影响

为了合理施用杀真菌剂,充分利用AM(arbuscular mycorrhiza)真菌资源提高中药材产量和品质,减少农药投入和环境污染.本试验在土培条件下,以非灭菌土为生长基质,研究了喷施苯菌灵、苯醚甲环唑和氟硅唑对AM真菌(摩西球囊霉Glomusmossea)侵染和黄芩(Scutellaria baicalensis)生长的影响.结果表明,同一施药条件下,接种摩西球囊霉总体上表现出促进黄芩生长的趋势,但菌根效应因杀真菌剂不同而有差异.不同施药条件下,未接种黄芩生长受到抑制,接种株中,喷施苯菌灵,植株地上部K和地下部Fe含量显著降低;喷施苯醚甲环唑,植株全N、地上部K、地下部黄芩苷和Ca含量显著降低;喷施氟硅唑,菌根侵染率、植株全P、黄芩苷、K、地上部Cu、地下部全N、Ca、Zn和Fe含量显著降低.氟硅唑对摩西球囊霉和黄芩生长抑制效果大于苯醚甲环唑和苯菌灵.说明氟硅唑对摩西球囊霉毒性大.因此,为了减轻杀真菌剂对AM真菌的危害,发挥菌根效应,在达到防治病害的基础上应选用对AM真菌毒性小的杀真菌剂.     

石化污水处理场浮选剂的优化

对几种浮选剂在荆门石化污水处理场的处理效果进行了对比,结果表明岳阳云溪XY-Ⅱ和江苏武进PAFC比现有PAC浮选剂的处理效果佳,且运行成本低.     

磷在水和沉积物中的形态

文章介绍了生物可利用态的磷(总磷、有机磷、无机磷)在土耳其奥龙特斯河河水和表层沉积物中的分配结果.通过连续提取方法可获得无机态的磷,每次获得的无机磷有4种形态:松散吸附态的磷、铝绑定态磷、铁绑定态磷     

Mobilities and leachabilities of heavy metals in sludge with humus soil

Chemical forms of Zn, Ni, Cu, and Pb in municipal sewage sludge were investigated by adding humus soil to sludge and by performing sequential extraction procedures. In the final sludge mixtures, Zn and Ni were mainly found in Fe/Mn oxide-bound (F3) and organic matter/sulfide-bound (F4) forms. For Zn, exchangeable (F1), carbonate-bound (F2), and F3 forms were transformed to F4 and residual forms (F5). For Ni, F1 and F2 forms were transformed to F1, F2, and F3 forms. Both Cu and Pb were strongly associated with the stable forms F4 and F5. For Cu, F2 and F3 forms were major contributors, while for Pb, F3 and F4 forms were major contributors to F5. Humus soil dosage and pH conditions in the sludge were strongly correlated with the forms of heavy metals. Five forms were used to evaluate metal mobilities in the initial and final sludge mixtures. The mobilities of the four heavy metals studied decreased after 28 days. The metal mobilities in the final sludge mixtures were ranked in the following order: Ni > Zn > Cu = Pb. Leaching tests showed that the mobilities of Zn and Ni in lower pH conditions (pH 4) were higher than those in higher pH conditions (pH 8).     

TiO2 nanotubes as solid-phase extraction adsorbent for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental water samples

An analytical method based on TiO2 nanotubes solid-phase extraction (SPE) combined with gas chromatography (GC) was established for the analysis of seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): acenaphtylene, acenaphthene, anthracene, fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene. Factors a ecting the extraction e ciency including the eluent type and its volume, adsorbent amount, sample volume, sample pH and sample flow rate were optimized. The characteristic data of analytical performance were determined to investigate the sensitivity and precision of the method. Under the optimized extraction conditions, the method showed good linearity in the range of 0.01–0.8 g/mL, repeatability of the extraction (RSD were between 6.7% and 13.5%, n = 5) and satisfactory detection limits (0.017–0.059 ng/mL). The developed method was successfully applied to the analysis of surface water (tap, river and dam) samples. The recoveries of PAHs spiked in environmental water samples ranged from 90% to 100%. All the results indicated the potential application of titanate nanotubes as solid-phase extraction adsorbents to pre-treat water samples.     

Efficacy of natural biocide on control of microbial induced corrosion in oil pipelines mediated by Desulfovibrio vulgaris and Desulfovibrio gigas

We compared the efficacy of a natural biocide with four chemical tetrakishydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfonate, benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, and formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, to control microbial induced corrosion in oil pipelines. The efficacy of biocides were monitored against Desulfovibrio vulgaris and Desulfovibrio gigas in experimental pipes by measuring cell counts, H2S production, Fe(II) production, production of extracellular polymeric substances and structure of biofilm. The treatment with cow urine had minimum planktonic cell counts of 3 102 CFU/mL as well as biofilm cell counts of 9 101 CFU/mL as compared with tetrakishydroxyl methyl phosphonium sulfonate, benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde. Sulfide production was the lowest with cow urine (0.08 mmol/L), followed by tetrakishydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfonate 0.72 mmol/L. On day 90 of treatment, Fe(II) production was also found to be the lowest with cow urine. The scanning electron microscopic studies indicated that the biofilm bacteria were killed by cow urine. These results demonstrate the cow urine mediated control of microbially induced corrosion, and this is indicative of its potential as a viable substitute of toxic biocides. To the best of our knowledge, this seems to be the first report which screens possible biocidal activity by cow urine as compared to the most common biocides which oil industry is currently using.     

改性海泡石除磷剂除磷过程热力学的研究

通过研究改性海泡石对磷的吸附性能,确定了除磷剂用量、温度、含磷废水流量、添加剂等因素对改性海泡石磷吸附热力学平衡的影响.研究结果表明:改性海泡石除磷剂对废水中PO43-离子的吸附容量随除磷剂质量的增加而减小;去除率随除磷剂用量的增加而增大;提高酸改性温度有利于复合除磷剂对磷的吸附;除磷剂的吸附量随海泡石焙烧温度的提高而...     

湘中锑矿区土壤重金属锑的污染特征

文章研究调查了冷水江锡矿山锑矿区、桃江板溪锑矿区、桃江马迹塘锑矿区、桃江武潭锑矿区、安化符竹溪金锑矿区及安化渣滓溪锑矿区及周围土壤中锑的含量及形态分布.结果表明:各矿区土壤中总锑含量范嗣为185.6-2 081.3 mg/kg,大大超过了土壤中锑的背景值,表明各矿区土壤已被严重污染.采用Tessier逐级提取法对土壤中...