活性炭纤维在机动车尾气净化中的研究与应用展望

机动车尾气净化控制的一个难点在于冷启动阶段,此时由于温度较低,催化剂尚未完全起作用,导致排出的污染物浓度较高。阐述了活性炭纤维的基本特性,特别是其低温吸附与催化性能对NO和CO的转化作用,讨论了活性炭纤维作为机动车尾气净化材料所需的改性及方法,并展望了其应用前景。     

一种废弃菌糠活化改性处理含铅废水并回收铅的方法

正该专利涉及一种废弃菌糠活化改性处理含铅废水并回收铅的方法。该专利以废弃菌糠为原料,利用其中含有的丰富的真菌菌丝体、多种代谢产物及纤维素、半纤维素和木质素等拥有的巨大比表面积和多种引起吸附的官能团吸附铅离子。与此同时,将其中的纤维素、半纤维素和木质素等经由一系列化学改性,引入羧基、羟基、醛基、酮基等活     

木材加工企业职业病危害防治技术规范

<正>1范围本标准规定了木材加工企业职业病危害防治的技术措施、管理措施、个体防护和职业健康监护。本标准适用于木材加工、制造、贮存所涉及的职业病危害因素的预防控制,涵盖了人造板、木制品、木塑复合材制造、竹材与木材的防腐、阻燃等改性处理加工、木材干燥等木材加工企业的职业病防治技术与管理工作。     

改性凹凸棒黏土的合成及光催化降解盐酸四环素的研究

将具有光催化潜力的金属元素Ti、Zn、Ni引入凹凸棒黏土(ATPs)结构中,采用浸渍法制备了一系列不同配比的Ti-ATPs,Zn/Ti-ATPs及Ni/Ti-ATPs光催化材料。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱(UVVis)等方法对改性ATPs的结构、形貌和组成进行了表征。以氙灯(250~800 nm)为光源,用制备的材料作为光催化剂,进行降解盐酸四环素的试验,考察了Ti的单一加入及双金属(Zn/Ti、Ni/Ti)加入对ATPs的光催化改性效果。结果表明,Zn/Ti物质的量比为3∶1、400℃煅烧条件下制备的Zn/Ti-ATPs具有良好的光催化性能,在可见光照射120 min时,20 mg Zn/Ti-ATPs对20 mg/L盐酸四环素的光催化降解率可达94.64%,并且性能稳定。而同样方法制备的Ni/TiATPs没有光催化性能,表明并不是所有具有光催化性能的氧化物都能通过浸渍法对ATPs进行改性。     

Chemically modified silica gel with 1-{4-[(2-hydroxy-benzylidene)amino]phenyl}ethanone: Synthesis, characterization and application as an efficient and reusable solid phase extractant for selective removal of Zn(II) from mycorrhizal treated fly-ash samples

1-{4-[(2-hydroxy-benzylidene)amino]phenyl}ethanone functionalized silica gel was synthesized and used as a highly efficient, selective and reusable solid phase extractant for separation and preconcentration of trace amount of Zn(II) from environmental matrices. The adsorbent was characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), elemental analysis,¹³C CPMAS NMR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and BET surface area analysis. The dependence of zinc extraction on various analytical parameters such as pH, type and amount of eluent, sample flow rate and interfering ions were investigated in detail. The material exhibited superior adsorption efficiency for Zn(II) with high metal loading capacity of 1.0 mmol/g under optimum conditions. After adsorption, the recovery (> 98%) of metal ions was accomplished using 1.0 mol/L HNO₃ as an eluent. The sorbent was also regenerated by microwave treatment in milder acidic environment (0.1 mol/L HNO₃). The lower detection limit and preconcentration factor of the present method were found out to be 0.04 μg/L and 312.5 respectively. The modified silica surface possessed excellent selectivity for the target analytes and the adsorption/desorption process remained effective for at least ten consecutive cycles. The optimized procedure was successfully implemented for the extraction of Zn(II) from mycorrhizal treated fly ash and pharmaceutical samples with reproducible results.     

同步脱氮除磷吸附剂的制备工艺及性能表征

采用改性溶液浸泡改性的方法,对粉煤灰沸石进行改性,制备同步脱氮除磷吸附剂。实验结果表明,粉煤灰沸石在改性浓度0.5%,改性pH为10,改性时间24 h,改性固液比1:5的条件下,制得的吸附剂对氨氮、磷的去除率均在90%以上,氨氮吸附平衡时间可缩短至30 min,改性后BET比表面积略有减小(由45.804 m2/g降至43.761 m2/g),改性没有改变粉煤灰沸石的晶型结构,属于表面改性。     

季铵化改性稻草吸附去除水中SO42-的特性研究

采用NaOH、环氧氯丙烷和三甲胺改性稻草秸秆,制备出含季铵基的吸附剂,用以去除水中的硫酸根离子(SO2-4).通过SEM、元素分析、13C-NMR表征发现,稻草改性后表面纤维结构暴露,含氮量增加,引入了大量的季铵基,吸附潜力显著提高.吸附实验结果表明,改性稻草吸附去除SO42-平衡时间约20min,pH为3～8范围内吸附效果较好.采用Langmuir吸附模型可较好地描述改性稻草对SO2-4的吸附等温线,其最大单分子层吸附量Qmax为74.76mg·g-1,吸附能力远大于原稻草(11.68mg·g-1).     

Porous FeOx/BiVO4-δS0.08：Highly efficient photocatalysts for the degradation of Methylene Blue under visible-light illumination

Porous S-doped bismuth vanadate with an olive-like morphology and its supported iron oxide （y wt.% FeOx/BiVO4-δS0.08, y = 0.06, 0.76, and 1.40） photocatalysts were fabricated using the dodecylamine-assisted alcohol-hydrothermal and incipient wetness impregnation methods, respectively. It is shown that the y wt.% FeOx/BiVO4-δS0.08 photocatalysts contained a monoclinic scheetlite BiVO4 phase with a porous olive-like morphology, a surface area of 8.8-9.2 m^2/g, and a bandgap energy of 2.38-2.42 eV. There was co-presence of surface Bi^5＋, Bi^3＋, V^5＋, V^3＋, Fe^3＋, and Fe^2＋ species in y wt.% FeOx/BiVO4-δS0.08. The 1.40 wt.% FeOx/BiVO4-δS0.08 sample performed the best for Methylene Blue degradation under visible-light illumination. The photocatalytic mechanism was also discussed. We believe that the sulfur and FeOx co-doping, higher oxygen adspecies concentration, and lower baudgap energy were responsible for the excellent visible-light-driven catalytic activity of 1.40 wt.% FeOx/BiVO4-δS0.08.     

化学改性对BA-3活菌体去除Cr(Ⅵ)的影响作用

通过对BA-3活菌体进行多种化学改性,比较了经化学改性后的BA-3菌体对C(rⅥ)的去除效率。结果表明,所试化学改性均会导致BA-3活菌体一定程度的质量减少;无机酸改性及有机溶剂改性均可较大程度提高菌体的C(rⅥ)去除效率,而无机酸改性、有机溶剂改性及盐改性则对菌体吸附Cr的效率有不同程度的提高作用。菌体表面上的[H+]及[OH-]的分布对于其吸附Cr及还原C(rⅥ)均有重要的影响作用,当溶液中的[H+]浓度增加时,会加快菌体还原Cr(Ⅵ)的速率,并促进菌体对Cr的吸附作用;当溶液中[OH-]增加时,C(rⅥ)的去除速率会相应降低,而菌体对Cr的吸附效果也有所降低。以盐改性时可提高菌体表面可交换阳离子的活性,并促进菌体表面与C(rⅢ)的离子交换,从而在Cr的吸附后期有利于菌体吸附溶液中的C(rⅢ)。此外,菌体的菌丝球结构及其比表面积也会影响其吸附Cr及还原C(rⅥ)的效率。有机溶剂改性可改善菌体的有效表面积,对菌体去除C(rⅥ)及吸附Cr都是有利的。     

硬脂酸改性磁铁矿对石油污水的处理研究

研究硬脂酸改性磁铁矿对石油污水中油类物质的吸附,通过改变温度、超声振荡时间和磁铁矿与硬脂酸的质量比等因素,在最佳的改性条件下制得改性磁铁矿。将改性后的磁铁矿应用于石油污水处理,改变震荡时间,用红外分光测油仪得出吸附结果。结果表明:当改性温度为35℃、改性时间为35min、硬脂酸与磁铁矿质量比为3.5%时磁铁矿改性效果最佳,当吸附时间为8min时,对石油炼化污水中油类物质的吸附效果最好,吸附量为216.65mg/g。