选址敏感类建设项目环境影响评估

项目选址对其进行科学的、客观的环境影响评估是十分关键的。因而,我们就要十分注意对项目环境影响评估相关技术的改进和提高,尤其是选址敏感类建设项目的环境影响评估技术的改进和提高。     

近场脉冲地震下考虑模型不确定性的桥梁时变抗震分析

为了研究近场脉冲地震下桥梁结构的时变抗震性能,以一座常规连续梁桥为研究对象,引入氯离子侵蚀模型,在考虑多种不确定性因素基础上,采用拉丁超立方抽样建立不同服役时期的时变模型样本,运用增量动力分析方法,从能力、需求以及倒塌等方面对算例桥梁的时变抗震性能进行了研究和评价。结果表明:近场脉冲型地震下结构的抗震需求明显大于远场地震;氯离子侵蚀导致钢筋锈蚀后力学性能发生改变,箍筋对核心混凝土约束能力减弱,锈蚀纵筋屈服强度及极限拉应变都降低,导致桥墩的变形能力下降;与地面运动的不确定性相比,模型参数的不确定性对结构的抗震需求均值及离散性影响均不大;随着服役时间延长,钢筋锈蚀加剧,桥墩出现倒塌破坏的概率加大。     

废干电池填埋处理的重金属浸出特征及健康风险评估

以醋酸缓冲溶液和垃圾填埋场渗滤液为浸提剂,运用翻转振荡法与静置法模拟废干电池进入垃圾填埋场后,重金属从废干电池中浸出的情形,并对废干电池与生活垃圾一起填埋处理的健康风险进行了评估。结果表明:不同实验条件下,废干电池中金属的浸出浓度与废干电池的破碎程度密切相关,废干电池破碎程度越大,电池中金属的浸出浓度越高,因而废干电池与生活垃圾一起填埋处理的健康风险也越高。以静置实验结果为依据,对废干电池与生活垃圾一起填埋处理的健康风险进行评估,表明废干电池与生活垃圾一起填埋处理的健康风险指数小于1,因此废干电池与生活垃圾可以一起填埋处理。     

Primary neuronal-astrocytic co-culture platform for neurotoxicity assessment of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate

Plastics such as polyvinyl chlorides （PVC） are widely used in many indoor constructed environments; however, their unbound chemicals, such as di-（2-ethylhexyl） phthalates （DEHP）, can leach into the surrounding environment. This study focused on DEHP＇s effect on the central nervous system by determining the precise DEHP content in mice brain tissue after exposure to the chemical, to evaluate the specific exposure range. Primary neuronal-astrocyte co-culture systems were used as in vitro models for chemical hazard identification of DEHP. Oxidative stress was hypothesized as a probable mechanism involved, and therefore the total reactive oxygen species （ROS） concentration was determined as a biomarker of oxidative stress. In addition, NeuriteTracer, a neurite tracing plugin with ImageJ, was used to develop an assay for neurotoxicity to provide quantitative measurements of neurological parameters, such as neuronal number, neuron count and neurite length, all of which could indicate neurotoxic effects. The results showed that with 1 nmol/L DEHP exposure, there was a significant increase in ROS concentrations, indicating that the neuronal-astrocyte cultures were injured due to exposure to DEHP. In response, astrocyte proliferation （gliosis） was initiated, serving as a mechanism to maintain a homeostatic environment for neurons and protect neurons from toxic chemicals. There is a need to assess the cumulative effects of DEHP in animals to evaluate the possible uotake and effects on the human neuronal system from exoosure to DEHP in the indoor environment.     

Inhibitory effects of nisin-coated multi-walled carbon nanotube sheet on biofilm formation from Bacillus anthracis spores

Multi-walled carbon nanotube（MWCNT） sheet was fabricated from a drawable MWCNT forest and then deposited on poly（methyl methacrylate） film. The film was further coated with a natural antimicrobial peptide nisin. We studied the effects of nisin coating on the attachment of Bacillus anthracis spores, the germination of attached spores, and the subsequent biofilm formation from attached spores. It was found that the strong adsorptivity and the super hydrophobicity of MWCNTs provided an ideal platform for nisin coating. Nisin coating on MWCNT sheets decreased surface hydrophobicity, reduced spore attachment, and reduced the germination of attached spores by 3.5 fold, and further inhibited the subsequent biofilm formation by 94.6% compared to that on uncoated MWCNT sheet. Nisin also changed the morphology of vegetative cells in the formed biofilm.The results of this study demonstrated that the anti-adhesion and antimicrobial effect of nisin in combination with the physical properties of carbon nanotubes had the potential in producing effective anti-biofilm formation surfaces.     

人工湿地各工艺段对含氮物质的去除效果分析

文章就马料河复合人工湿地的除氮效果进行分析结果表明,整个湿地系统的TN去除率约为55.9%,TN削减量为28.87 kg/d,其中表面流湿地最高,氧化塘湿地次之,潜流湿地最差。湿地系统的最佳水力负荷为0.1~0.4 m3/(m2·d),最佳污染负荷为:TN 1.0~10 mg/L,NH3-N 0.1~1.0 mg/L。4-10月份,人工湿地中植物处于生长旺盛期,氮净化效果处于最佳状态。     

全球环境展望5——我们未来想要的环境:第3章 土地

<正>联合国环境规划署(UNEP)于2012年9月正式发布了全球环境展望5(GEO-5)中文版,该报告评估了世界上最重要的90个环境目标的完成情况。最新发布的GEO-5中文版将为世界上人口最多国家的研究人员、学者、政府代表、行业和民间团体带来联合国最全面的环境评估。报告来源:联合国环境规划署。     

全球环境展望5——我们未来想要的环境:第3章 土地

<正>联合国环境规划署(UNEP)于2012年9月正式发布了全球环境展望5(GEO-5)中文版,该报告评估了世界上最重要的90个环境目标的完成情况。最新发布的GEO-5中文版将为世界上人口最多国家的研究人员、学者、政府代表、行业和民间团体带来联合国最全面的环境评估。本刊自2012年06期起对其进行连载。报告来源:联合国环境规划署。     

DPSIR模型在流域生态安全评估中的研究

流域生态安全评估是人类社会发展与自然环境相互关系的研究热点,DPSIR模型作为一种在环境系统中广泛使用的评价指标体系概念模型,在构建、修正和规范水资源承载能力综合评价指标体系、水环境安全评价指标体系、区域环境可持续发展指标体系、流域农业生态安全评价指标体系等中广泛应用,是进行流域生态安全评估的有效工具。文章介绍了DPSIR模型特点及其发展和改进,综述了模型生态安全指标体系和评价技术方法的相关研究和该模型在流域生态安全评估中的研究进展,对该模型在流域生态安全评估中的应用进行了展望。     

核壳结构TiO_2/SiO_2/Fe_3O_4颗粒的制备及性能研究

针对纳米Ti O2光催化剂回收困难、成本较高等问题,采用溶胶-凝胶法在表面包覆了Si O2的磁基体Fe3O4上负载Ti O2,制备出一种具有光催化作用的核壳结构Ti O2/Si O2/Fe3O4功能纳米颗粒。通过TEM、XRD等对其包覆效果及结构进行表征,结果表明,Si O2、Ti O2包覆的醇∶酯∶水的比例分别为4.6∶12.3∶1和30.3∶12.5∶1时可以得到包覆均匀的Ti O2/Si O2/Fe3O4功能颗粒。在可见光和紫外光的照射下,Ti O2/Si O2/Fe3O4光催化剂降解亚甲基蓝溶液的脱色率分别为85.16%和78.86%,使用5次后颗粒的回收率仍能保持在75%以上,具有优异的光催化降解性能,并且可重复利用率高。