吉林省工业固体废物环境管理现状与循环利用

吉林省2007年工业固体废物总量为1.73亿t,工业固体废物贮存总量为14 850.41万t,占全省工业固体废物总量的85.71%。吉林地区工业固体废产生量最高,为964.51万t。全省工业固体废物综合处理指数为14.20,工业固体废物处理量很低。长春地区工业固体废物综合处理指数最高,为71.19。建立以长春和吉林地区为核心的工业固体废物循环利用和处置中心,加强工业固体废物的循环利用,不仅能增加社会、经济效益,而且从根本上有效地防止工业固体废物对环境的污染。     

工业废渣填埋废弃矿坑复垦过程中的地下水环保措施研究

尽管目前废弃矿坑复垦有多种形式,但实际操作中均存在很多难点。通过以一般工业固体废物对废弃矿坑进行回填,在恢复矿坑原地貌后进行绿化,可实现一般工业固体废物安全处置与废弃矿坑生态治理同时进行的目的。通过分析复垦过程中的地下水环境影响,提出建立防渗、收集、监控、响应等一系列的地下水环境保护措施,确保将地下水环境的影响降到最低。     

进口含锌物料的表征和鉴别

采用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、X射线衍射光谱(XRD)等分析手段,对4种进口疑似固体废物的含锌物料进行了表征。通过分析含锌物料的主要元素组成、物相组成和常规理化特征,结合外观特征,与含锌矿物、含锌产品及相关文献资料等进行比对,推导出含锌物料的产生来源。然后,参照我国《进口废物管理目录》得出鉴别结论。结果表明:4种含锌物料分别为锌矿、湿法冶炼锌浸出渣、热镀锌灰和固定CO2产物;后3种属于我国目前禁止进口的固体废物。     

含苯酚危险废物的改进型Fenton氧化处理研究

建立以EDTA钠铁作为催化剂的改进型Fenton氧化体系,研究改进型Fenton氧化处理含高浓度苯酚危险废物的影响因素、处理效果和控制参数。研究结果表明,针对含苯酚污染土壤的自配样,当EDTA钠铁投加量为2μmol/g,15%H2O2投加量为0.1 mL/g,体系含水率为33%左右,反应时间60 min时,苯酚(含量为2 mg/g)的氧化降解率可达90%以上,反应后的体系pH约为5.7,便于直接进行固化稳定化等后续处理。该处理过程较传统型Fenton体系温和、安全,且适用于中性pH的体系,可应用于高苯酚含量且以固相无机质为主体的危险废物的快速应急处理。     

Approach of technical decision-making by element flow analysis and Monte-Carlo simulation of municipal solid waste stream

This paper deals with the procedure and methodology which can be used to select the optimal treatment and disposal technology of municipal solid waste （MSW）, and to provide practical and effective technical support to policy-making, on the basis of study on solid waste management status and development trend in China and abroad. Focusing on various treatment and disposal technologies and processes of MSW, this study established a Monte-Carlo mathematical model of cost minimization for MSW handling subjected to environmental constraints. A new method of element stream （such as C, H, O, N, S） analysis in combination with economic stream analysis of MSW was developed. By following the streams of different treatment processes consisting of various techniques from generation, separation, transfer, transport, treatment, recycling and disposal of the wastes, the element constitution as well as its economic distribution in terms of possibility functions was identified. Every technique step was evaluated economically. The Mont-Carlo method was then conducted for model calibration. Sensitivity analysis was also carried out to identify the most sensitive factors. Model calibration indicated that landfill with power generation of landfill gas was economically the optimal technology at the present stage under the condition of more than 58% of C, H, O, N, S going to landfill. Whether or not to generate electricity was the most sensitive factor. If landfilling cost increases, MSW separation treatment was recommended by screening first followed with incinerating partially and composting partially with residue landfilling. The possibility of incineration model selection as the optimal technology was affected by the city scale. For big cities and metropolitans with large MSW generation, possibility for constructing large-scale incineration facilities increases, whereas, for middle and small cities, the effectiveness of incinerating waste decreases.     

佳木斯市固体废物的现状及处理对策

本文对佳木斯市固体废物的处理现状进行了综述.并对生活垃圾,工业固体废物,危险废物的处置提出了相应对策.     

Partial least square modeling of hydrolysis: analyzing the impacts of pH and acetate

Introduction Environm ental and econom ic advantages highlight anaerobic digestion as a sustainable technology for solid w aste treatm ent (Edelm ann etal., 2000). A naerobic digestion could be described as four sequential steps: hydrolysis, acidogenesis, aceto- genesis and m ethanogenesis, am ong w hich the hydrolysis is recognized as the rate-lim iting step for particulate organic w aste (Jain et al., 1992; M ata-A lvarez, 2000). H ydrolysis occurs com m only together w ith the acidogenesi…     

铬渣应用于烧结炼铁工艺的研究及实践

烧结工艺对处理固体废物具有良好的适应性。通过用烧结、炼铁工艺 ,能有效地回收和利用铬酸钠生产过程中产生的铬渣中的有效成分 ,并利用其在高温下的氧化还原反应 ,达到解毒目的 ,实现铬渣的资源化和无害化。     

数字化转型背景下“无废城市”信息化建设思路

我国正处于深入打好污染防治攻坚战,加快绿色低碳转型,大力推进生态文明建设的关键时期。开展“无废城市”建设,是建设美丽中国、实现“双碳目标”的重要举措。在数字化背景下,信息化建设有助于提高“无废城市”建设成效。本文分析了数字技术在“无废城市”建设中的新形势、新赋能,提出了“无废城市”信息化建设总体思路,以及加快构建智能化固废治理全过程监管体系、固废领域互联互通信息化平台体系、固废治理协同管理平台和推动智能化应用培育等重点任务,为推进我国“无废城市”建设发展提供借鉴。     

城市生活垃圾的危害及污染综合防治对策

当前我国的城市化进程日益加快 ,城市规模不断扩大 ,城市生活垃圾问题已经成为急需解决的难题。本文对城市生活垃圾的危害进行了阐述 ,同时提出了实现城市生活垃圾处理与处置的公众化、减量化、资源化、无害化、分类化、产业化的污染防治对策。