响应面法优化厌氧上清液除磷的研究

在用铁盐对厌氧段富磷上清液进行化学磷沉淀以实现磷的回收和达标排放的SBR系统中,为了减少铁盐化学除磷残余物可能对生物处理系统的影响,采用Box-Benhnken中心组合试验原理和响应面分析法,选择Fe:P、混凝搅拌强度、絮凝搅拌强度、搅拌时间等为自变量,残余铁离子为响应值,研究自变量之间的交互作用,以期优化化学除磷条件.通过Design-Expert 8.0软件得到1个二次响应曲面模型.得出最佳除磷条件:Fe:P比为1.40:1,搅拌强度为275r/min,快速搅拌时间为30s,絮凝搅拌强度为60r/min,絮凝时间为18min,沉淀时间为20min.在此条件下,化学混凝后残余铁离子浓度为0.37mg/L,化学除磷率大于97.66%.     

Compositions and sources of organic acids in fine particles (PM2.5) over the Pearl River Delta region, south China

Organic acids as important constituents of organic aerosols not only influence the aerosols' hygroscopic property, but also enhance the formation of new particles and secondary organic aerosols. This study reported organic acids including C14–C32fatty acids, C4–C9dicarboxylic acids and aromatic acids in PM2.5collected during winter 2009 at six typical urban, suburban and rural sites in the Pearl River Delta region. Averaged concentrations of C14–C32fatty acids, aromatic acids and C4– C9 dicarboxylic acids were 157, 72.5 and 50.7 ng/m3, respectively. They totally accounted for 1.7% of measured organic carbon. C20–C32fatty acids mainly deriving from higher plant wax showed the highest concentration at the upwind rural site with more vegetation around, while C14–C18fatty acids were more abundant at urban and suburban sites, and dicarboxylic acids and aromatic acids except 1,4-phthalic acid peaked at the downwind rural site. Succinic and azelaic acid were the most abundant among C4–C9dicarboxylic acids, and 1,2-phthalic and 1,4-phthalic acid were dominant aromatic acids. Dicarboxylic acids and aromatic acids exhibited significant mutual correlations except for 1,4-phthalic acid, which was probably primarily emitted from combustion of solid wastes containing polyethylene terephthalate plastics. Spatial patterns and correlations with typical source tracers suggested that C14–C32fatty acids were mainly primary while dicarboxylic and aromatic acids were largely secondary. Principal component analysis resolved six sources including biomass burning, natural higher plant wax, two mixed anthropogenic and two secondary sources; further multiple linear regression revealed their contributions to individual organic acids. It turned out that more than 70% of C14–C18fatty acids were attributed to anthropogenic sources, about 50%–85% of the C20–C32fatty acids were attributed to natural sources, 80%–95% of dicarboxylic acids and 1,2-phthalic acid were secondary in contrast with that 81% of 1,4-phthalic acid was primary.     

印染前处理节能减排评价模型的建立及应用

针对目前印染前处理工艺,依据评价指标的原则,采用层次分析法从资源指标、环境指标、生产指标及经济指标4个方面建立了印染前处理工艺节能减排综合评价指标体系;提出了基于AHP-Fuzzy方法上的前处理工艺节能减排效果综合评价模型。最后,将该模型应用到印染前处理新工艺中,根据对新工艺相关节能减排指标的监测、核算以及调查,依照隶属函数值计算方法,得到其模糊评价矩阵及其向量,其结果表明,新工艺的节能减排综合评价等级为"优",节能减排效果很好。     

油田联合站安全性评价模式研究

针对联合站生产过程复杂、安全影响因素多的特点,提出了二级模糊综合安全评价方法。以港东联合站的实际情况为基础,在系统分析联合站危险因素的基础上,选取储罐、管道、监控系统、其他系统4个因素作为联合站安全评价的主要关联因子,构建了针对港东联合站安全的二级综合模糊评估模型。运用层次分析法确定不同层次和因素的重要度,以加权法为运算准则,确定了联合站的安全等级。评估结果表明:该二级模糊综合评价方法提高了联合站安全现状评价的客观性,评估过程易于实现,评价结果更加客观、合理。     

层次分析法在重庆某县地质灾害危险性评价中的应用

文章针对重庆市某县地质环境条件、发育特征等特性,选取了地层岩性、斜坡结构类型、坡度、坡高、降雨量、结构面、人类工程活动等7个因素作为地质灾害危险性评价因子,通过层次分析法确定评价因子权重,并采用专家系统法赋值,建立了该县地质灾害危险性评价模型。通过划分评价单元及利用危险性评价模型,将该县地质灾害危险性分为危险性大区、危险性中等区和危险性小区。研究成果对相似地区地质灾害危险性的划分也提供了一定的借鉴意义。     

基于模糊综合评判法对集中供热锅炉环保设施综合评价研究

以乌鲁木齐市某集中供热锅炉污染物减排方案为例,通过建立脱硫除尘设施综合评价指标体系,运用层次分析法确定指标权重,利用模糊综合评判法分别对两种除尘设施情况下的环境效益、经济效益以及设施能耗、物耗等指标着手,进行综合评价,最终评选出较优实施方案.评选结果表明：袋式除尘＋石灰石-石膏法脱硫除尘设施方案运用于该集中供热站综合效益较好,可有效实现污染物减排,为今后燃煤锅炉环保设施的评选提供一定的参考作用.     

斯特林发动机性能模拟研究

斯特林发动机作为当今社会能源问题主要话题之一,如何高效的其利用能源,成为其研究的主要目的。本文根据斯特林分析法,模拟研究了某型斯特林发动机的参数性能,为以后斯特林发动机的研发及实验提供参考。     

幕景分析法在新建城区规划环境影响评价中的实例应用研究

首先以新建城区规划环评的概念为基础,重点研究幕景分析法,在深入分析其基本概念和理论内涵的基础上,指出了幕景分析法在评价区域开发环境影响的优势,实证研究幕景分析法在新建城区规划环评中的应用,为今后新建城区规划环境影响评价理论的应用提供了一定的借鉴。     

可持续发展进程中水资源工程层次分析法的应用

随着时代的进步和社会经济的发展,在可持续发展进程中为了满足人们的需求,如今出现了诸多的水资源工程,水资源工程的兴建,会对周围环境造成一定的影响,那么就需要做好水资源工程环境影响评价工作,非常有效的一种措施就是层次分析法。通过实践研究表明,有着不错的效果。本文简要分析了水资源工程环境影响评价中层次分析法的应用,希望可以提供一些有价值的参考意见。     

模糊综合评价法及主成分分析法在额尔齐斯河水质评价中的应用

利用额尔齐斯河2010年监测数据进行水质评价。用模糊综合评级法对水质状况进行评价,判断水质级别;用主成分分析法判断主要污染物类型,确定各污染物的主要贡献率。并将两种方法的评价结果与单项指标评价结果相比较,结果表明：在水质评价中水质级别判断采用模糊综合评价法,水质主要污染物判断采用主成分分析法,用两种评价方法结合起来对水环境质量进行评价,结果较准确。