河南鸡冠洞CO2季节和昼夜变化特征及影响因子比较

岩溶洞穴空气CO_2变化影响次生沉积物沉积和溶蚀,它关系到洞穴旅游景观的稳定性及洞穴环境的舒适性,是岩溶作用发生的关键因素,进行洞穴空气CO_2变化的机制研究对于理解岩溶作用发生规律和现代洞穴合理保护具有重要意义.本文基于对我国南北地理分界区域河南西部鸡冠洞2011年12月至2016年5月近5年连续洞穴CO_2、水文地球化学指标、洞内外温度及湿度、大气降水和游客量等数据监测,并结合2016年5月19~20日洞穴CO_2等指标的昼夜的系统监测,分析了鸡冠洞洞穴空气CO_2时空变化特征和昼夜变化特征及其影响因素,结果表明:1在空间尺度上,越靠近洞口通风效应越强,洞穴空气p CO_2越低,越接近大气的p CO_2;洞穴结构及外界环境变化尤其是气候变化导致的土壤中p CO_2变化也会对鸡冠洞空气p CO_2变化产生影响.2在长时间尺度,鸡冠洞洞穴空气p CO_2夏季明显高于冬季,对比分析发现旅游活动和岩溶作用是其主要的影响因子.3在短时间尺度上(昼夜变化),鸡冠洞洞穴空气p CO_2变化主要受旅游活动的影响,建议景区在进行旅游开发的时候要考虑高峰期游客人数对CO_2的影响及岩溶景观的合理保护.     

Temporal and spatial variations of low-molecular-weight organic acids in Dianchi Lake, China

Low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) in eutrophic lake water of Dianchi, Southwestern China Plateau were investigated diurnally and vertically using ion chromatography. Two profiles (P1 and P2) were studied due to the difference of hydrochemical features. Lactic, formic, pyruvic and oxalic acid were detected as major components at P1 and P2 which were on average 7.98 and 6.53 mol/L, respectively, corresponding to their proportions of 2.68% and 2.48% relative to DOC. Pyruvic acid was regarded as the uppermost species at P1 and P2, reaching up to 3.82 and 3.35 mol/L and accounting for 47.9% and 51.3%, respectively, in individual TOA. Although humus were of biogenetic production at both sites, the significant negative correlation between diurnal variations of TOAs, fluorescence intensity (FI) of protein-like components and humic-like components at P1 indicated LMWOAs were greatly originated from bacterioplankton excretion and degradation. However, correlations between diurnal variations of humic-like FI and physicochemical parameters demonstrated algal origination of LMWOAs at P2. Although content of humus was high, TOA at P2 was 1.45 mol/L lower than that at P1, due to the co-influence of more intense photo-oxidation and aggregation at P2. Therefore, TOAs exhibited quite opposite diurnal variation trends of increasing-decreasing and decreasing-increasing at P1 and P2, respectively. Except for impact of solar radiation, bacterial decomposition and assimilation rendered shifts of maximal LMWOAs along water column at P1. Covering with massive algae, UV rays penetrated shallower depth that LMWOAs assembled in surface layer water before 18:00 at P2 and represented decreasing profiles.