二苯甲酮对斑点叉尾鲴鱼卵巢细胞生长的影响

试验通过直接、间接两种染毒手段来探讨二苯甲酮（benzophenone）对斑点叉尾鲴鱼卵巢细胞（CCO）生长的影响,以MTT法为手段测定染毒前后CCO细胞的存活数量和各阶段的生长状态,结果发现：当二苯甲酮以1～10μg/L的浓度直接作用于CCO细胞时,CCO细胞生长在不同阶段均受到抑制作用：在指数增长期细胞生长速率减小,稳定期的存活量约为正常条件下的72％-91％,并且随着二苯甲酮浓度的增大,对CCO生长的抑制效应也相应的加剧;但是1μg／mL浓度的二苯甲酮在经过斑点叉尾鲴鱼原代肝细胞代谢后间接作用时,其代谢产物对CCO的生长在各阶段又呈现明显的促进作用,稳定期细胞数量约为正常条件下的109％。     

智利经验对中国的启示：高质量建筑减少地震伤亡

2月27日,智利发生里氏8.8级地震,其释放的能量是海地1月发生的7级地震的501倍,但幸运的是,智利的死亡人数却相对不多.据海地政府估计,有22万人死于地震.但是智利政府3月2日公布的数据显示,智利的死亡人数是795人.     

Impact of some chlorinated pesticides on the haematology of the fish Cyprinus carpio and Puntius ticto

The effects of pesticides on blood characteristics and histological changes in erythrocytes of the fish species Cyprinus carpio and Puntius ticto were studied. The fishes were exposed to sub lethal concentrations of different chlorinated pesticides namely aldrin, dieldrin, DDT, BHC and chlordane for 10, 20 and 30 d in continuous flow-through test. The LCso values were calculated based on acute toxicity tests and the sublethal doses were arrived at for chronic bioassay studies. Results showed an increase in haemoglobin content of both Cyprinus carpio and Puntius ticto in case of aldrin and dieldrin. Haemoglobin content reduced from an initial 13 g/100 ml to 8.07 and 10.15 g/100 ml in case of Cyprinus at the end of ten days exposure to aldrin and dieldrin respectively, and gradually increased to 8.7 g/100 ml and 10.15 g/100 ml after 20 d of exposure. The haemoglobin content after 30 d exposure to aldrin and dieldrin was 10.15 g/100 ml and 11.6 g/100 ml respectively. In case of Puntius ticto, the haemoglobin content in control fishes recorded was 12.8 g/100 ml while in case of fish exposed to aldrin, the haemoglobin content reduced initially on ten days exposure to 10.15 g/100 ml and increased to 11.6 g/100 ml and 13.0 g/100 ml during twenty days and thirty days exposure respectively. This trend was also observed with dieldrin in both the fishes studied. Red blood cells were also counted in case of all the pesticides and exposure periods with respect to Cyprinus carpio and Puntius ticto. Irrespective of the species and pesticide, the RBC counts uniformly showed decreasing trend with the increase in exposure period, while packed cell volume, PCV(%) showed increasing trend with respect to increase in exposure period in case of aldrin and dieldrin in both the fishes. But DDT, BHC and chlordane showed decreasing trend in PCV(%) values with increasing periods of exposure.     

剑尾鱼卵黄蛋白原的ELISA检测

以卵黄脂磷蛋白(lipovitellin,Lv)抗血清为抗体,以纯化的卵黄蛋白原(vitellogenin,Vtg)为抗原,建立了间接酶联免疫吸附反应(ELISA)方法检测剑尾鱼(Xiphophorus helleri)雄鱼整体匀浆液中ρ(Vtg).结果表明,该方法的检测灵敏度为7.8 ng/mL,批内变异系数为5.094%,批间变异系数为5.540%,工作范围为32.5～2 000 ng/mL,在该范围内,标准曲线具有良好的线性和重复性.由于该方法可直接在1块或在不同的酶标板上准确地进行比较,因而可利用ELISA方法测定经诱导雄鱼整体匀浆液中ρ(Vtg)水平.结果显示,50 μg/L 17-β雌二醇(E₂)诱导21 d的雄性剑尾鱼有明显的Vtg产生;10 μg/L E₂诱导剑尾鱼亦有Vtg产生,但较50 μg/L E₂诱导组低;1 μg/L E₂诱导组及对照组剑尾鱼没有Vtg产生,检测孔OD450/对照OD₄₅₀(P/N)值小于2.1.      

孔雀石绿对三种鱼类细胞急性毒性的初步研究

应用MTT法测定孔雀石绿对鲤鱼上皮癌细胞(EPC)、草鱼肾细胞(CIK)、斑点叉尾鮰鱼卵巢细胞(CCO)的急性毒性。测定孔雀石绿的细胞毒性,发现MTT还原量减少,甲瓒生成量与孔雀石绿浓度存在依赖关系,孔雀石绿浓度越大,活细胞越少,甲瓒生成量也相应减少。以2×104接种量对EPC细胞、CIK细胞、CCO细胞进行24h染毒,发现随着孔雀石绿浓度的增高,细胞存活率减少,并确定孔雀石绿对这三种细胞的安全浓度、半致死浓度和致死浓度。比较这三种细胞对孔雀石绿的敏感性,得出结论CIK细胞对于孔雀石绿的作用最敏感。     

鱼体汞甲基化的研究

研究了鲤(平均体重20g)、鲫(平均体重35g)鱼体中汞的甲基化作用，鲤肌肉中甲基汞的半衰期及其对无机汞的累积和排泄能力。初步研究结果表明，注入鲤，鲫鱼腹腔内的无机汞，15夭后出现轻微的甲基化。而加入水环境中的无机汞，由于刺激鱼体分泌了大量粘液，所以15天后出现了明显的甲基化。相同浓度的无机汞进人鱼体时，鲫鱼的甲基化程度高于鲤鱼．鲤鱼种肌肉中甲基汞的半衰期(36d)为无机汞的4.5倍。     

汞在小浪底水库的赋存形态及其时空变化

为了解小浪底水库汞的赋存状况,采用冷原子荧光光谱法测定了小浪底水库水体、表层沉积物、沉积物间隙水以及鱼类肌肉样品中的总汞,采用乙基化衍生-气相色谱-原子荧光法测定了上述样品中的甲基汞,进而分析了小浪底水库鱼体中汞的富集状况.结果表明,小浪底水库水体中丰、枯水期总汞浓度分别为0.71~1.42 ng·L-1和0.90~2.49 ng·L-1,均符合国家地表水环境质量标准(GB 3838-2002)一类水汞浓度标准限值,水样中未检出甲基汞.丰、枯水期沉积物中总汞浓度分别为51.74~90.42 ng·g-1和95.66~172.52 ng·g-1,甲基汞浓度分别为0.09~0.26 ng·g-1和0.18~0.39 ng·g-1,甲基汞浓度较低,这可能与水体底层溶解氧浓度较高以及沉积物中有机碳浓度较低有关.丰、枯水期沉积物间隙水总汞浓度分别为4.27~9.49 ng·L-1和5.46~41.04 ng·L-1,甲基汞浓度分别为0.09~0.99 ng·L-1和0.07~1.01 ng·L-1,间隙水中总汞和甲基汞浓度明显高于上覆水体,与水体间存在汞浓度梯度,可能存在从沉积物间隙水向水体中的扩散.鱼体肌肉总汞浓度在43.47~304.98 ng·g-1之间,甲基汞浓度为10.77~265.23 ng·g-1,甲基汞低于食品安全国家标准规定的污染物限量(GB 2762-2012)(非肉食性鱼500 ng·g-1和肉食性鱼1 000 ng·g-1).水库鱼体总汞的生物富集系数分别为鳙鱼1.3×105,梭鱼9.3×104,鲫鱼4.7×104,白条5.0×104,黄颡鱼1.7×105,弓鱼3.9×104.