Characteristics of sewage sludge and distribution of heavy metal in plants with amendment of sewage sludge

In order to better understand land application of sewage sludge, the characterization of heavy metals and organic pollutants were investigated in three different sewage sludges in Shanghai City, China. It was found that the total concentrations of Cd in all of sewage sludge and total concentrations of Zn in Jinshan sewage sludge, as well as those ofZn, Cu, and Ni in Taopu sludge are higher than Chinese regulation limit of pollutants for sludge to be used in agriculture. Leachability of rig in all of studied samples and that of Cd in Taopu sewage sludge exceed the limit values of waste solid extraction standard in China legislation. Based on the characteristics for three kinds of sewage sludge, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of soil amended with Quyang sewage sludge on the accumulation of heavy metalo.by Begonia semperfloreas-hybr; Ophiopogon japonicas （L.F.） Ker-Gaw; Loropetalum chindense-var, rubrum; Dendranthema morifolium; Viola tricolor; A ntirrhinum majas; Buxas radicans Sieb; Viburnum macrocephalum; Osmanthas fragrans Lour; Cinnamomum camphora siebold and Ligustrum lucidum ait. Results showed that 8 species of plant survived in the amended soil, and moreover they flourished as well as those cultivated in the control soil. The heavy metal concentration in plants varied with species, As, Pb, Cd and Cr concentration being the highest in the four herbaceous species studied, particularly in the roots of D. morifolium. These plants, however, did not show accumulator of As, Pb, Cd and Cr. The highest concentration of Ni and Hg was found in the roots ofD. morifolium, followed by the leaves ofB. semperflorens-hybr. Levels of Zn and Cu were much higher in D. morifolium than in the other plant species. D. morifolium accumulated Ni, Hg, Cu and Zn, which may contribute to the decrease of heavy metal contents in the amended soil. Treatment with sewage sludge did not significantly affect the uptake of heavy metals by the L. chindense-var, rubrum, however, it significantly affected the uptake of heavy metals by D. morifolium.     

Selective extraction and separation of Fe, Mn oxides and organic materials in river surficial sediments

In order to investigate the adsorption mechanism of trace metals to surficial sediments （SSs）, a selective extraction procedure was improved in the present work. The selective extraction procedure has been proved to selectively remove and separate Fe, Mn oxides and organic materials （OMs） in the non-residual fraction from the SSs collected in Songhua River, China. After screening different kinds of conventional extractants of Fe and Mn oxides and OMs used for separation of heavy metals in the soils and sediments, NH2OH .HCl （0.1 mol/L） ＋ HNO3 （0.1 mol/L）, （NH4）2C2O4 （0.2 mol/L） ＋ H2C2O4 （pH 3.0）, and 30% of H2O2 were respectively applied to selectively extract Mn oxides, Fe/Mn oxides and OMs. After the extraction treatments, the target components were removed with extraction efficiencies between 86.09%--3.36% for the hydroxylamine hydrochloride treatment, 80.63%- 101.09% for the oxalate solution extraction, and 94.76%-102.83% for the hydrogen peroxide digestion, respectively. The results indicate that this selective extraction technology was effective for the extraction and separation ofFe, Mn oxides and OMs in the SSs, and important for further mechanism study of trace metal adsorption onto SSs.     

生物滴滤塔处理正丁醇废气的研究

实验分别采用清水吸收法和生物滴滤法处理模拟正丁醇废气,结果表明,在实验工况条件下,清水吸收的净化效率随进口浓度的增加而增加,净化效率可达99%,最佳液气比为2.1L/m3;生物滴滤塔的净化效率随着进气流量、液体流量和进气浓度的增加而降低,当进气流量<1.0m3/h时,其对降解效率的影响较小。     

多卤代二苯醚研究进展简述(一)

多卤代二苯醚中的多溴二苯醚(PBDEs)和多氯二苯醚(PCDEs),是在国际上引起广泛关注的一类持久性有机污染物.本文简述了PBDEs和PCDEs的来源、环境中的分布和标准物质的合成方法等,并试图为我国这方面的研究和立法管理工作提出一些参考方向.     

膜生物反应器的研究与进展

本文概述了膜生物反应器(MBR)的研究发展历史,总结MBR在污水回用和难降解有机废水处理中的研究及其应用现状,讨论了阻碍MBR推广应用的因素,展望了MBR研究发展方向.     

西江溶解有机碳的输送对典型洪水过程的响应

对2005年6月西江干流出现特大洪水期间及其前后的溶解有机碳(DOC)进行连续采样分析.结果表明,DOC浓度对流量变化的响应不敏感(n=43,R2=0.23,p＞0.05),尽管流量有6～7倍的变化,但DOC浓度的变化不到30%.洪水前夕、洪水期间及洪水过后DOC平均浓度逐渐降低,且洪水过后西江下游各个采样点的DOC浓度明显低于洪水前夕.DOC的输出量主要受地表径流深度的影响,二者之间存在着显著的线性相关关系.DOC荷载通量与流量密切相关,通过建立二者之间的线性回归方程可以计算出DOC的输出量,洪水期间DOC的输出量为4.5×1010g.     

厌氧酸化-二级PSB流化床工艺处理高浓度有机废水

采用厌氧酸化+二级光合细菌(PSB)流化床的组合工艺对植物压榨发酵废水进行降解实验,一级流化床(PSB1)中填料为轻质多孔炭渣,二级流化床(PSB2)为活性炭,扰动方式分别采用机械流化和机械气动组合流化,稳定运行40d。结果表明,进水酸化12h后CODCr由80000~120000mg/L降至63000~95000mg/L,进而由系统出水回流稀释至8000~12000mg/L,进入二级流化床反应器,PSB1白天厌氧光照、夜间微好氧,PSB2白天微好氧、夜间好氧,停留48h,CODCr降至295.8~384mg/L,稳定实现96.2%以上的CODCr去除率,TN去除率为71.3%。     

硫酸铵气溶胶对甲苯-NOx-空气体系光化学反应的影响

利用大气模拟烟雾箱,研究了硫酸铵气溶胶对甲苯-NOx-空气体系光化学反应的影响.结果表明,硫酸铵作为气溶胶种子,其存在可以加快反应过程中颗粒物(particle matter,PM)的生成速度,并提高甲苯的气溶胶产率.在高浓度的硫酸铵气溶胶种子条件下,其初始浓度对反应过程中NOx、NO和O3的浓度变化没有明显的影响,但对二次有机气溶胶(secondary organic aemsol,SOA)的生成有显著影响.在硫酸铵气溶胶种子浓度小于160 μg·m-3时,SOA的产率随初始气溶胶种子浓度的增大而增大,从最小7.2%到最大11.7%,其增幅超过60%.     

改性硅酸盐矿物吸附剂在污水处理中的应用

国内外许多学者对硅酸盐吸附剂进行了改性研究,通过增大吸附剂的比表面积、改变表面化学性质、增强离子交换能力以及扩大层间间距等来提高吸附剂对污染物的吸附量.研究发现改性硅酸盐吸附剂在染料脱色、去除重金属离子、有机毒物以及氮磷等方面有很好的效果.     

Treatment of 2-phenylamino-3-methyl-6-di-n-butylaminofluoran production effluent by combination of biological treatments and Fenton＇s oxidation

High strength refractory organic stream is produced during the production of 2-phenylamino-3-methyl-6-di-n-butylaminofluoran （One Dye Black 2, abbr. ODB 2）, a novel heat-sensitive material with a promising market. In this study, a combination of acidificationprecipitation, primary biological treatment, Fenton＇s oxidation and another biological treatment was successfully used for the removal of COD from 18000-25000 mg/L to below 200 mg/L from the ODB 2 production wastewater in a pilot experiment. A COD removal of 70%-80% was achieved by acidification-precipitation under a pH of 2.5-3.0. The first step biodegradafion permitted an average COD removal of 70% under an hydraulic residence time （HRT） of 30 h. By batch tests, the optimum conditions of Fenton＇s oxidation were acquired as： Fe^2＋ dose 6.0 mmol/L; H2O2 dose 3000 mg/L; and reaction time 6 h. The second step biological treatment could ensure an effluent COD below 200 mg/L under an HRT of 10 h following the Fenton＇s treatment.