推进实现碳达峰碳中和的实践路径探析

推进碳达峰碳中和工作,是推动经济社会高质量发展的本质要求,党的二十大报告为我国今后实现碳达峰碳中和目标指明了方向。推进碳达峰碳中和工作是一项系统性工程：通过完善低碳政治制度、完善低碳市场制度、完善能源消费双控制度、建立人口均衡制度、建立资源节约制度、健全低碳法治体系,实现碳达峰碳中和的制度保障安排;通过突出碳技术创新、搭建碳技术实践平台、政府加大碳技术创新推广力度,实现碳达峰碳中和的科技创新实践;重视低碳文化引领、加强低碳文化生活养成、加强低碳文化产业养成、加强低碳文化行政养成,可实现碳达峰碳中和的文化养成。多边主义框架下的全球合作是解决气候问题的核心,世界各国应强化人类命运共同体的理念,共享降碳减排技术,互相监督,形成共识,应对全球环境危机。     

“六五环境日”国家主场活动碳中和实现路径浅析

梳理了国内大型活动碳中和相关政策及2017年以来“六五环境日”的低碳管理经验,并以2022年“六五环境日”国家主场为例,分享了低碳办会的思路与措施,介绍了以“减一点、捐一点、买一点、种一点”实现碳中和目标的路径及方式。通过计算发现,2022年度主会场活动人员食宿排放是整个活动的主要温室气体排放源,占81%,人员交通排放其次,占13%。将本次活动组织运行过程中发现的有效做法和良好案例进行总结提炼,为我国低碳会议的举办提供了“辽宁经验”。     

“十三五”连云港地表水质时空变化规律研究

主要通过连云港环境监测中心获取2016—2020年连云港地表水质量监测数据,比较分析了“十三五”期间连云港水质变化趋势。结果表明,“十三五”期间连云港市地表水水质呈现逐年向好的趋势。     

垃圾分类下焚烧与填埋处理过程及碳排放核算——以苏州市为例

在“碳达峰、碳中和”和垃圾分类的双重背景下,苏州市积极推进垃圾分类相关工作。其中垃圾焚烧发电产生碳减排,减排强度为276.25kg/t,减排总量为56585.01t;垃圾填埋处理碳减排过程为填埋气发电碳减排,填埋处理每吨垃圾减碳158.72 kg,减排总量为1778.65t。生活垃圾焚烧处理和填埋处理碳减排量较为显著。     

基于全生命周期的铁路行业碳达峰影响因素研究

基于全生命周期理论和铁路项目建设特点,将影响铁路行业碳排放的主要技术环节划分为规划设计、运营维护、相关配套3个阶段,对各阶段碳排放情况及主要影响因素进行分析,构建体现规划设计阶段对铁路全生命周期碳排放影响的计算模型,提出了铁路项目绿色低碳评分表,进而结合“双碳”目标的相关要求分析铁路行业碳达峰的影响因素。     

Pyrolysis of rice husk and sawdust for liquid fuel

The paper is focused on studying how to convert rice husk and sawdust into liquid fuel. Rice husk, sawdust and their mixture were pyrolyzed at the temperature between 420℃ and 540℃, and the main product of liquid fuel was obtained. The experimental result showed that the yield of liquid fuel heavily depended on the kind of feedstock and pyrolysis temperature. In the experiments, the maximum liquid yields for rice husk, sawdust and their mixture were 56% at 465 ℃, 61% at 490℃ and 60% at 475℃ respectively. Analysis with GC-MS and other apparatus indicated that the liquid fuel is a complicated organic compound with low caloric value and can be directly used as fuel oil without any up-grading. As a crude oil, the liquid fuel can be refined to be vehicle oil.     

Characteristics of sewage sludge and distribution of heavy metal in plants with amendment of sewage sludge

In order to better understand land application of sewage sludge, the characterization of heavy metals and organic pollutants were investigated in three different sewage sludges in Shanghai City, China. It was found that the total concentrations of Cd in all of sewage sludge and total concentrations of Zn in Jinshan sewage sludge, as well as those ofZn, Cu, and Ni in Taopu sludge are higher than Chinese regulation limit of pollutants for sludge to be used in agriculture. Leachability of rig in all of studied samples and that of Cd in Taopu sewage sludge exceed the limit values of waste solid extraction standard in China legislation. Based on the characteristics for three kinds of sewage sludge, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of soil amended with Quyang sewage sludge on the accumulation of heavy metalo.by Begonia semperfloreas-hybr; Ophiopogon japonicas （L.F.） Ker-Gaw; Loropetalum chindense-var, rubrum; Dendranthema morifolium; Viola tricolor; A ntirrhinum majas; Buxas radicans Sieb; Viburnum macrocephalum; Osmanthas fragrans Lour; Cinnamomum camphora siebold and Ligustrum lucidum ait. Results showed that 8 species of plant survived in the amended soil, and moreover they flourished as well as those cultivated in the control soil. The heavy metal concentration in plants varied with species, As, Pb, Cd and Cr concentration being the highest in the four herbaceous species studied, particularly in the roots of D. morifolium. These plants, however, did not show accumulator of As, Pb, Cd and Cr. The highest concentration of Ni and Hg was found in the roots ofD. morifolium, followed by the leaves ofB. semperflorens-hybr. Levels of Zn and Cu were much higher in D. morifolium than in the other plant species. D. morifolium accumulated Ni, Hg, Cu and Zn, which may contribute to the decrease of heavy metal contents in the amended soil. Treatment with sewage sludge did not significantly affect the uptake of heavy metals by the L. chindense-var, rubrum, however, it significantly affected the uptake of heavy metals by D. morifolium.     

Selective extraction and separation of Fe, Mn oxides and organic materials in river surficial sediments

In order to investigate the adsorption mechanism of trace metals to surficial sediments （SSs）, a selective extraction procedure was improved in the present work. The selective extraction procedure has been proved to selectively remove and separate Fe, Mn oxides and organic materials （OMs） in the non-residual fraction from the SSs collected in Songhua River, China. After screening different kinds of conventional extractants of Fe and Mn oxides and OMs used for separation of heavy metals in the soils and sediments, NH2OH .HCl （0.1 mol/L） ＋ HNO3 （0.1 mol/L）, （NH4）2C2O4 （0.2 mol/L） ＋ H2C2O4 （pH 3.0）, and 30% of H2O2 were respectively applied to selectively extract Mn oxides, Fe/Mn oxides and OMs. After the extraction treatments, the target components were removed with extraction efficiencies between 86.09%--3.36% for the hydroxylamine hydrochloride treatment, 80.63%- 101.09% for the oxalate solution extraction, and 94.76%-102.83% for the hydrogen peroxide digestion, respectively. The results indicate that this selective extraction technology was effective for the extraction and separation ofFe, Mn oxides and OMs in the SSs, and important for further mechanism study of trace metal adsorption onto SSs.     

持久性有机污染物土气交换过程影响因素分析

持久性有机污染物(POPs)在全球范围内进行远距离传输过程中,土壤既是污染物的主要汇,又是空气中污染物的潜在来源.土气交换过程是POPs环境归宿的重要环节,该交换过程受POPs理化性质、近地面气象条件、土壤理化性质及植被覆盖等因素的影响.对近期报道的POPs土气交换过程影响因素研究进行了综述与展望,列出了研究中涉及的重要模型及公式.环境温度的变化既能改变目标物在气固相之间的分配行为,影响空气中污染物的干湿沉降和气态交换过程,也能够通过近地面温度场的梯度变化影响污染物在土气交换过程中的垂直紊流扩散.此外,近地面水平风速的变化也会影响目标物的在近地面空气中的垂直紊流扩散.土壤有机质含量及种类控制了土壤中POPs的吸附/解吸过程,土壤温度和湿度影响污染物的土气分配系数,土壤矿物组成也会影响污染物吸附和解吸过程.地面植被能够吸收和吸附空气中气态和颗粒态POPs,通过雨水淋刷和枯落物凋落转移到土壤中;植被覆盖可以减少土壤的温度变化,减少土壤中POPs的挥发.尽管近年已经取得丰硕的成果,但在土气交换过程多因素耦合影响量化评估、动态评估POPs在典型场地原位复杂环境下的土气交换通量、在区域尺度量化植被对城市中POPs土气交换的影响等方面有待开展深入研究工作.     

包装企业有机废气深度处理技改实例探讨

有机废气的治理方法有很多,应选择合适的治理方法或组合来提高处理效率,来着力改善大气环境质量。以某包装企业有机废气深度处理技术改造项目为实例,探讨采取RTO焚烧法取得的治理效果。