诺氟沙星对阿部鲻鰕鯱Ⅰ相、Ⅱ相酶活性及CYP1A1和P-gpmRNA表达影响

通过饲料暴露的方式研究了抗生素诺氟沙星（Norfloxacin,NFLX）对阿部鲻鰕鯱（Mugilogobius abei）Ⅰ相、Ⅱ相代谢酶活性以及CYP1A1和P-糖蛋白(P-gp) mRNA表达的影响。结果表明随着暴露时间的延长,NFLX对阿部鲻鰕鯱肝脏Ⅰ相代谢酶APND、 ERND均表现出先诱导后抑制的作用。24 h时NFLX的暴露浓度为20 μg?g-1对Ⅰ代谢酶APND和ERND的诱导达到最大值。当暴露时间达到168 h, APND和ERND均受到极显著抑制。Ⅱ相代谢酶GST和MDA在72 h受到最大诱导,经过168 h暴露后,GST活性逐渐恢复到正常水平,而MDA含量在50 μg?g-1浓度组仍然维持较高水平。CYP1A1和P-gp mRNA表达量随着暴露时间的延长而增加,168 h达到最大。APND、 ERND、GST、 MDA、CYP1A1 mRNA和P-gp mRNA响应敏感,适合作为NFLX暴露的生物标记物。 关键词：诺氟沙星;阿部鲻鰕鯱;肝脏酶活;CYP1A1;P-gp     

六溴环十二烷(hexabromocyclododecane,HBCD)暴露对生长阶段文昌鱼的毒性及其几种重要酶活性的影响

以文昌鱼为研究对象,研究了在六溴环十二烷暴露下对文昌鱼造成的机体氧化损伤.通过检测相关酶活变化情况,如酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),从而确定低剂量长期暴露HBCD对文昌鱼鱼体产生氧化损伤效应的机制.急性毒性实验结果表明,文昌鱼暴露于六溴环十二烷饱和溶液(8....     

五种菌对香蕉茎秆纤维素降解能力比较及菌群构建

香蕉茎杆的粗纤维含量较高,一直以公平却未得到较好的利用.由于纤维素在环境中难以自然降解,随着香焦种植面积的增大,其对环境的影响也日益增大.通过微生物对香蕉茎秆进行降解,可以实现香蕉杆的资源化和无害化利用.该研究通过CMC酶活、FPA酶活及粗纤维降解率三个指标综合评定了五种高效纤维素降解菌纯培养及组合培养时对香蕉茎朴的降...     

纤维素降解真菌Y5的筛选及其对小麦秸秆降解效果

为了利用纤维素降解菌促进作物秸秆快速腐解还田,解决秸秆资源浪费和污染环境问题,进行了高效秸秆纤维素降解微生物的筛选和降解效果研究.采用固体平板和液体摇瓶培养,从黑龙江黑土样品中筛选出1株能够降解羧甲基纤维素、秸秆木质纤维素、高产纤维素酶的丝状真菌Y5,通过形态学观察和ITS rDNA序列分析对该真菌进行了初步鉴定.利用DNS还原糖方法,对菌株在不同的培养时间、纤维素类型、氮源种类以及初始pH值情况下纤维素酶活力进行了研究.采用失重法、液体摇瓶法对菌株降解小麦秸秆的能力进行了研究.结果表明,筛选的秸秆降解菌株Y5经鉴定为赭绿青霉(Penicilliumochrochloron).菌株Y5液体培养4 d的全酶活(FPA)和内切酶活(EG)最高,分别为53 IU/mL和55 IU/mL,比对照菌株(绿色木霉AS3.3711)高出22.6%和18.2%;Y5菌株以小麦秸秆为作用底物时的酶活最高,2种酶活分别比对照菌株提高27.5%和24.8%;以NaNO3为氮源时酶活性最大,FPA和EG比菌株AS3.3711分别提高35.7%和14.9%;培养液初始pH为6时全酶活最大为51.4 IU/mL.菌株Y5培养10 d降解...     

催化湿式过氧化物法(CWPO)降解间硝基苯磺酸钠动力学研究

为了优化反应条件及研究反应机理,利用不锈钢高压反应釜,采用催化湿式过氧化物法(CWPO)在不同温度、初始总有机碳(TOC)浓度、氧化剂及催化剂条件下对间硝基苯磺酸钠溶液进行降解处理,得到最优条件为温度200 ℃,初始TOC浓度2 560 mg/L,氧化剂30 mL及催化剂0.5 g.并采用Elovich方程和双常数方程对降解过程的单因素动力学数据进行了拟合,并建立了催化湿式氧化降解过程的多因素动力学方程.结果表明,上述方程均能较好地拟合催化湿式氧化的降解过程.同时分析了考察因素对TOC去除率的影响,其影响的顺序为:温度＞初始TOC浓度＞氧化剂＞催化剂.     

Rhodococcus sp.BX2菌对乙腈的降解特性及降解途径研究

对Rhodococcus sp.BX2菌降解乙腈的特性及其降解途径进行了研究.结果显示,在底物浓度为800mg·L-1,接种量为1.0%,培养温度为35℃,环境pH为7.5的条件下,16h时Rhodococcus sp.BX2菌对乙腈的降解率为95.98%;添加葡萄糖可在培养初期加快Rhodococcus sp.BX2菌的生长和对乙腈的降解,蔗糖、乙酰胺和尿素对其影响不大.将BX2菌接种到含有高乙腈浓度(25000mg·L-1)的合成废水中,培养180h后,乙腈降解率可达88.59%.在催化反应60min后,Rhodococcus sp.BX2腈水合酶与腈水解酶的总酶活可达到422.81U·mL-1,对其相关基因序列的分析结果表明,Rhodococcus sp.BX2中同时存在腈水解酶基因和腈水合酶基因,因此,确定乙腈的降解主要由腈水合酶途径完成,可能同时存在腈水解酶的降解途径.     

低剂量全氟辛酸对雄性黑斑蛙生殖毒效应及机理研究

针对新型环境有机污染物全氟辛酸(PFOA)对两栖动物的毒效应问题,以黑斑蛙(Rana nigromaculata)为实验对象,研究了低剂量PFOA暴露对雄性黑斑蛙生殖毒效应及机理.结果表明,在0.001～1mg.L-1低剂量体外暴露20d条件下,PFOA能够显著诱导黑斑蛙精子发生畸形,相对于对照组,精子畸形率呈现明显的剂量-效应关系.酶联免疫试剂盒检测发现,除0.001mg.L-1诱导组外,0.01、0.1和1mg.L-1暴露组的血清雄性激素睾酮和雌性激素雌二醇含量分别显著降低(p<0.01,F=288.7)和上升(p<0.01,F=289.0),说明PFOA作用下黑斑蛙体内性激素水平受到改变.采用荧光定量PCR技术进行进一步的分子生物学检测,发现与性激素水平密切相关的两个基因P450芳香化酶和类固醇激素合成因子(SF-1)均增强表达(0.001mg.L-1诱导组,p<0.05;0.01、0.1和1mg.L-1暴露组,p<0.01,F=140.8).全氟辛酸对两栖类动物的雄性生殖毒效应机理主要是通过介导与性激素分泌相关的两个重要基因P450芳香化酶和类固醇激素合成因子,使其表达上调,从而一方面抑制睾酮的产生,另一方面促进性激素雌二醇的分泌.在0.001mg.L-1的体外暴露剂量下,PFOA就能够明显诱导黑斑蛙精子产生畸形毒性及增强P450芳香化酶和SF-1基因的表达(p<0.05),因此,为保护两栖动物种群,在制订PFOA地表水环境质量标准时应当考虑其下限不能低于0.001mg.L-1.     

堆肥反应器中2种微生物接种剂的堆肥效果研究

在严格控制堆肥条件的情况下,以鸡粪为堆肥基本原料,选用单一微生物巨大芽孢杆菌和复合微生物VT菌为接种剂,通过研究堆肥过程中的温度、氧气浓度、C/N、WSC(水溶性碳)、发芽指数(GI)以及脱氢酶和纤维素酶的活性动态变化来反映这2种微生物接种剂对堆肥效果的影响.结果表明,接种复合微生物菌剂VT的处理在堆肥升温和保持高温效果明显,接种微生物菌剂的2个处理的堆体内氧气浓度都较CK低,其中最低的为接种复合微生物菌剂VT的处理.接种微生物菌剂,C/N下降速度快,WSC浓度相对高,GI值上升速度明显加快,有利于加快堆肥腐熟进程,其中接种复合微生物菌剂VT的效果较单一微生物菌剂巨大芽孢杆菌好.接种微生物菌剂有利于堆肥升温期脱氢酶和纤维素酶活性增加,促进堆肥的氧化还原反应和纤维素的分解,且接种复合微生物VT的效果明显.     

Validation of a conductometric bienzyme biosensor for the detection of proteins as marker of organic matter in river samples

This article describes a conductometric bi-layer based bienzyme biosensor for the detection of proteins as a marker of organic matter in rivers. Proteins were chosen to be used as indicators of urban pollution. The working mechanism of the bienzyme biosensor is based on the enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins into several fractions (peptides and amino acids), which results in a local conductivity change depending of the concentration of proteins. In this work, we began with the optimization of biosensor response using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as standard protein. For this objective seven enzymatic biosensors were prepared: four enzymatic sensors with only one layer of enzyme (proteinase K, trypsin, pronase or protease X) and three other enzymatic sensors with two layers (first layer: membrane containing proteinase K; second layer: one of the three other enzymes: trypsin, pronase or protease X). The biosensors were obtained through the deposition of enzymatic layers and the cross-linking process between enzymes and BSA in saturated glutaraldehyde vapour. The response of the various biosensors, described previously, were compared with the values of total organic carbon (TOC), and those of organic nitrogen (Norg), as determined by the laboratory accredits (CEMAGREF of Lyon) using the traditional method of analysis (NF EN 1484, infrared spectroscopy) and (NF EN 25663, mineralization/colorimetry assay) respectively for each water sample obtained from di erent sites in Lyon (France). The linear correlations obtained with the response of the seven biosensors showed the most important indices of correlations for the biosensor with two enzymatic layers: proteinase K + pronase (pkp). The optimum conditions for the preparation of the pkp biosensor increased the sensitivity and gave a limit of quantification of 0.583 g/L for TOC and 0.218 g/L for Norg in water samples. This sensor shows good reproducibility (2.28%), a capacity to be used at temperatures range 10– 30°C (depending on the season) and moreover a long lifetime (5 weeks).     

Effects of nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 on the laccase-catalyzed conversion of bisphenol A

The laccase-catalyzed conversion of bisphenol A (BPA) in aqueous solutions was studied in the absence and presence of nonionic surfactant Triton X-100. It was found that the addition of Triton X-100 into the reaction system increased the conversion of BPA, especially near the critical micelle concentration of Triton X-100. Also it was found that the stability of laccase was greatly improved in the presence of TritonX-100. Studies on the endogenous fluorescence emission of laccase indicated that there existed an interaction between Triton X-100 and laccase, which was beneficial to folding and stabilizating of laccase. The binding of Triton X-100 to the laccase surface also mitigated the inactivation e ect caused by the free radicals and polymerization products. Under otherwise identical conditions, a lower dosage of laccase was needed for the higher conversion of BPA in the presence of Triton X-100.