Effects of nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 on the laccase-catalyzed conversion of bisphenol A

The laccase-catalyzed conversion of bisphenol A (BPA) in aqueous solutions was studied in the absence and presence of nonionic surfactant Triton X-100. It was found that the addition of Triton X-100 into the reaction system increased the conversion of BPA, especially near the critical micelle concentration of Triton X-100. Also it was found that the stability of laccase was greatly improved in the presence of TritonX-100. Studies on the endogenous fluorescence emission of laccase indicated that there existed an interaction between Triton X-100 and laccase, which was beneficial to folding and stabilizating of laccase. The binding of Triton X-100 to the laccase surface also mitigated the inactivation e ect caused by the free radicals and polymerization products. Under otherwise identical conditions, a lower dosage of laccase was needed for the higher conversion of BPA in the presence of Triton X-100.     

四环素类抗生素对土壤-生菜系统的生物效应及其迁移降解特性

四环素类抗生素（TCs）会随畜禽粪便的施用而残留在农田土壤,对蔬菜生长和土壤生态带来风险.本文通过温室土壤盆栽试验,外源添加3种不同水平的土霉素（OTC）、四环素（TC）和金霉素（CTC）,研究了TCs对生菜的生理毒性和在生菜中的吸收转运特性,同时研究了TCs在土壤中的降解和对土壤酶活性以及土壤微生物数量的影响.结果表明,OTC、TC和CTC降低了生菜的生物量,减少了叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素的含量,抑制了净光合速率,提高了SOD、POD和CAT活性;生菜对TCs的吸收量根系>地上部分,随土壤施加的TCs增加吸收量增加,而生物富集系数和转运系数降低;通过人体预测每日摄入量（EDI）和人体每日允许摄入量（ADI）的比值计算TCs暴露引起的人体健康潜在风险值（HQ）,当土壤中OTC、TC和CTC含量低于150 mg·kg^-1时,生菜可食部位的健康风险较低（HQ<0.1）;TCs在不同土壤中的降解速率：对照土 > 根际土 > 非根际土,OTC在土壤中的降解速率显著低于TC和CTC;高含量的TCs（150~1350 mg·kg^-1）处理显著抑制土壤脲酶和根际土的过氧化氢酶活性,减少土壤细菌和真菌的数量.     

真菌漆酶介导自由基偶联和接枝反应在绿色化学中的应用

漆酶(p-苯二醇:分子氧氧化还原酶;EC 1.10.3.2)是自然界中普遍存在的一类胞外含铜多酚氧化还原酶.漆酶能够以环境中氧分子作为电子接受体,催化4个底物分子的单电子氧化形成4个相应的反应活性自由基或醌类中间体,随后这些活性中间体在酶促位点外发生步进式偶联反应,生成多种具有复杂结构的大分子C—C、C—O—C或C—N—C共价聚合产物.该反应过程中仅生成唯一副产物水,具有反应温和、底物广谱、催化效率高、操作可控和经济环保等优点.目前,真菌漆酶介导低分子有机物和高分子化合物的自由基偶联和接枝反应已经被应用于生物技术领域,该技术克服了传统物理化学方法存在的弊端,在保护人群健康和生态安全等方面具有广泛地应用前景和商业价值.本文详细地概述了真菌漆酶催化不同底物分子的自由基偶联和接枝反应在环境修复、生物监测、食品加工、纤维改性、纺织染色、制药行业和有机合成等绿色化学中的最新研究进展,旨在为开发和拓展真菌漆酶在绿色化学技术领域中的多功能应用提供科学的理论依据和技术指导.     

辣根过氧化物酶处理酚和氯酚的催化特性研究

为了研究辣根过氧化物酶处理酚和氯酚的动力学过程,采用人工配不试验,测定了ｐＨ对酶催化反应的影响,Ｈ２Ｏ２抑制酶催化反应的动力学参数和不同度物的酶催化反应动力学参数,结果表明,在试验的ｐＨ范围内,ｐＨ为９时过氧化物酶对苯酚和对氯苯酚的去除效率最高,分别达到９９．５％和９５％。     

拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的酶促降解

测定了降解菌Ａｌｃａｌｉｇｅｎｅｓ ｓｐ．ＹＦ １１粗酶液对拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂的降解性能,粗酶液降解杀灭菊酯、甲氰菊酯、氯氯菊酯、溴氰菊酯氯菊酯、三氟氯氰菊酯的最适ｐＨ分别为８．０、８．５、８．０、８．０、９．０、７．５;米氏常数分别为４１．４、１３６．８、６５．４、２２２．８、５．２、８．６７ｎｍｏｌ／ｍｌ;最适温度为３２．５℃,该粗酶液在ｐＨ５．０－１０．５均具有降解活性。     

Effect of organic/inorganic compounds on the enzymes in soil under acid rain stress

IntroductionEnzymeexistsextensivelyinsoil.Itnotonlycanactivatecomplexorganiccompoundchangeintosimpleinorganiccompoundtosupplytheplants(Srivastava ,1991;Hojeong ,1999)butisalsooneofthesoilcapacityindexesaswell(Yu ,1998;Irvinc ,1993;Zeng ,2 0 0 1) .Theactivityofsoilenzymeiseasilyinfluencedbyphysical,chemicalandbiogenicfactorsinenvironment.Whentheenvironmentispolluted,enzymeactivitieschangesignificantly .Theuseofenzymeactivitiesasbioindicatorstoevaluatethedegreeofsoilcontaminationbyheavymetals…     

Changes of plasma membrane AtPase activity, membrane potential and transmembrane proton gradient in Kandelia candel and Avicennia marina seedlings with various salinities

The salt-secreting mangrove, Avicennia marina, and non-salt-secreting mangrove, Kande/ia candel were cultivated in sand with various salinities(0‰, 100‰, 20‰, 30‰, 40‰) for 60 d. Plasma membrane vesicles of highpurity in leaves and roots of A. marina and K. candel seedlings were obtained by two-phase partitioning. The function of the plasma membranes, the activity of ATPase, membrane potential and transmembrane proton gradient, at various salinities were investigated. The results showed that within a certain range of salinity( A. marina and roots of K. candel: 0-30‰; leaves of K. candel: 0-20‰), the activity of ATPase increased with increasing salinity, while high salinity (above 30‰ or 20‰) inhibited ATPase activity. In comparison with A. marina, K.candel appeared to be more sensitive to salinity. The dynamics of membrane potential and transmembrane proton gradient in leaves and roots of A. marina and K. candel seedlings were similar to that of ATPase. When treated directly by NaCl all the indexes were inhibited markedly: there was a little increase within 0-10‰( K. candel) or 0-20‰( A. marina) followed by sharp declining. It indicated that the structure and function of plasma membrane was damaged severely.     

Relationship between AtPase activity and conjugated polyamines in mitochondrial membrane from wheat seedling roots under osmotic stress

The effects of osmotic stress on the ATPase activity, the contents of —SH group and conjugated polyamines in mitochondrial membrane from wheat seedling [ Triticum aestivum L. cv. Yumai No. 18 (drought-tolerant) and cv. Yumai No.9(drought-sensitive)] roots were investigated. The results showed that ATPase activity and --SH group content decreased with polyethylene glycol(PEG) 6000( - 0.55 MPa) treatment for 7 d, in concert with the decrease of the ratio of noncovalently conjugated spermidine (NCC-Spd)/noncovalently conjugated putrescine(NCC-Put) and increase of the covalently conjugated putrescine (CC-Put). Osmotic stress injury to Yangmai No.9 seedlings was alleviated greatly with 1 mmol/L exogenous spermidine(Spd), in concert with marked increases of the ratio of NCC-Spd/NCC-Put, --SH group contents and ATPase activity in mitochondrial membrane. Under osmotic stress, the concomitant treatment of Yumai No. 18 seedlings with methylglyoxyl bis(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG), an inhibitor of S-adenosyl methionine decarboxylase(SAMDC), and phenanthrolin ( o-Phen), an inhibitor of transglutaminase(TGase), caused a significant decrease of the ratio of NCC-Spd / NCC-Put, CC-Put contents, respectively, in concert with the marked decreases of ATPase activity, --SH group content and its tolerance to osmotic stress. All the results above suggested that osmotic stress tolerance of wheat seedlings was associated with the ATPase activity, the contents of --SH group, NCC-Spd and CC-Put in mitochondrial membrane.     

铅污染对菱幼苗SOD、POD及叶细胞亚显微结构的影响

不同浓度Pb2+溶液处理菱(Trapa bicornis Osbeck)幼苗后,考察了菱幼苗的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)以及叶细胞亚显微结构出现的变化,并初步探讨了Pb2+的毒性机理.结果表明,SOD的活性与铅离子浓度(5~20mg/L)表现出明显的剂量-效应关系, Pb2+浓度愈大,毒害程度愈深.POD活性在较低浓度(5,10mg/L)作用下,持续升高;在较高浓度(15,20mg/L)下,其活性出现先上升后下降的趋势.电子显微镜观察发现,在20mg/L Pb2+溶液处理7d后,叶细胞的叶绿体基粒数目减少,基粒片层解体,叶绿体双层膜断裂;线粒体、高尔基体、内质网等解体消失;细胞核的染色质与核质遭到破坏,核膜破裂.同样处理条件的叶片组织总DNA电泳显示,DNA完全断裂呈现弥散状,提示Pb2+毒害所致细胞死亡有别于细胞程序性死亡. Pb2+对菱的毒害是多途径综合作用的结果.     

NO2——N对铜绿微囊藻生理特性的影响

采用藻类生物测试标准方法研究了不同NO2--N初始浓度条件下铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)的生长及生理变化.结果表明,相对BG11(NO2--N初始浓度为0)培养基,低初始NO2--N浓度(1,10mg/L)条件下铜绿微囊藻生长良好;高NO2--N初始浓度(20,30,40mg/L)条件下藻生长缓慢甚至停滞. NO2--N初始浓度由10mg/L到30mg/L,亚硝酸还原酶(NiR)活性和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性呈增加趋势;在NO2--N初始浓度分别为20~30mg/L和20~40mg/L时,叶绿素a(Chl-a)含量和丙二醛(MDA)含量随NO2--N浓度增大而逐渐升高;在初始NO2--N浓度0,1,10,20,30mg/L条件下硝酸还原酶(NR)没有明显变化.这表明,铜绿微囊藻在NO2--N初始浓度10,20,30mg/L条件下能维持一定的生长,主要由于藻叶绿素含量的增加,NiR活性和防止细胞过氧化的酶CAT活性的提高所致.