改进取样方法提高含油废水中CODcr值的准确度

化学需氧量(CODcr)和石油类都是中国实施水污染物排放总量控制指标,也是环境监测的常测项目.CODcr是反映水体中受还原性物质主要是有机物污染程度的综合性指标.矿物油和动、植物油统称为油类,是废水中常见的有机污染物,对CODcr的贡献较大.探索水体中CODcr值与油类物质含量之间的相关性,对CODcr值准确性的判断有一定指导意义.改进含油废水的取样方法,有利于提高CODcr测定值的准确性和代表性.     

Investigation on Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd fractions in the natural surface coating samples and surficial sediments in the Songhua River, China

Natural surface coating samples （NSCSs） from the surface of shingles and surficial sediments （SSs） in the Songhua River, China were employed to investigate the relationship between NSCSs and SSs in fractions of heavy metals （Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd） using the modified sequential extraction procedure （MSEP）. The results show that the differences between NSCSs and SSs in Fe fi＇actions were insignificant and Fe was dominantly present as residual phase （76.22% for NSCSs and 80.88% for SSs） and Fe-oxides phase （20.33% for NSCSs and 16.15% for SSs）. Significant variation of Mn distribution patterns between NSCSs and SSs was observed with Mn in NSCSs mainly present in Mn-oxides phase （48.27%） and that in SSs present as residual phase （45.44%）. Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd were found dominantly in residual fractions （〉48%）, and next in solid oxides/hydroxides for Zn, Pb and Cd and in easily oxidizable solids/compounds form for Cu, respectively. The heavy metal distribution patterns implied that Fe/Mn oxides both in NSCSs and SSs were more important sinks for binding and adsorption of Zn, Pb and Cd than organic matter （OM）, and inversely, higher affinity of Cu to OM than Fe/Mn oxides in NSCSs and SSs was obtained. Meanwhile, it was found that the distributions of heavy metals in NSCSs and SSs were similar to each other and the pseudo-total concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd in NSCSs were greater than those in SSs, highlighting the more importance for NSCSs than SSs in controlling behaviours of heavy metals in aquatic environments.     

Effects of the surface chemistry of macroreticular adsorbents on the adsorption of 1-naphthol/1-naphthylamine mixtures from water

The adsorption behaviors of 1-naphthol, 1-naphthylamine and l-naphthol/l-naphthylamine mixtures in water over two macroreticular adsorbents were investigated in single or binary batch systems at 293 K, 303 K and 313 K respectively. All the adsorption isotherms in the studied systems can be adequately fitted by Langmuir model. In the case of aminated macroreticular adsorbent NDA103, 1-naphthol is adsorbed to a larger extent than 1-naphthylamine; while, the opposite trend is found for nonpolar macroreticular adsorbent NDA100. It is noteworthy that at higher temperature（303 K and 313 K）, the total uptake amounts of 1-naphthol and 1-naphthylamine in all binary-component systems are obvious larger than the pure uptake amounts in single-component systems, which is presumably due to the cooperative effect primarily arisen from the hydrogen-bonding interaction between the loaded 1-naphthol and 1-naphthylamine molecules. The simultaneous adsorption systems were confirmed to be helpful to the selective adsorption towards 1-naphthol according to the larger selective index.     

生态工程组合工艺应用于城市污水处理厂尾水深度处理

针对城市污水处理厂尾水的特点,采用生态氧化池／垂直流人工湿地／自然湿地生态工程组合工艺对其进行深度处理,重点分析了运行效果和去除机理。数据结果表明,该工艺运行稳定,系统出水COD,BOD5,NH3-N和TP平均分别为14．4,3．4,0．84,0．19mg／L,平均去除率均在65％以上,出水水质达到《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838-2002）中Ⅳ类标准。     

水体中氨氮污染来源及其控制——富营养化的思考

本文从营养学的角度,叙述氮源对水体富营养化的产生和危害,并从生态系统中物质循环分析氨氮的多方来源,根据其不同来源提出相应的控制措施。     

不同进水方式人工湿地除污效率对比分析

研究了人工湿地在间歇流、连续流进水方式下处理生活污水的效率．并进行了对比分析。在平均水力负荷4.8cm／d时，间歇流和连续流人工湿地COD平均去除率分别为78％和64％；NH3-N平均去除率分别为60％和44％；TP平均去除率均为53％。结果表明，间歇流进水能够提高床体内的含氧量，缓解植物根系放氧不足．提高了污染物去除率。     

我国环境污染治理的障碍及对策

环境污染的现状 环境污染是指人类在生产、生活过程中向环境排放超过环境自净能力的物质或能量,从而降低环境质量,影响人类及其他生物生存和发展的现象.环境污染给人类社会造成的危害极大,据有关资料统计,我国环境污染与生态破坏造成的损失每年达2000多亿元.     

逆向物流——再生资源产业发展的新领域

现代物流是一个新兴的朝阳产业，逆向物流是这个产业中急需发展的新领域。阐述了逆向物流与再生资源回收利用之关系，指出再生资源企业是实施逆向物流的新生力量，并提出了再生资源企业参与逆向物流的模式及其建议。     

水的自净作用及自净过程

<正>水体的自净作用包含着十分广泛的内容,任何水体的自净作用又常是相互交织在一起的,物理过程、化学和物化过程及生物化学过程常常是同时同地产生,相互影响,其中常以生物自净过程为主,生物体在水体自净作用中是最活跃、最积极的因素。例如:河流对污染物的净化     

超越主奴模式,建构平等的人与自然关系

无论人类中心论还是自然中心论,所建构的人与自然关系图景都属于等级尊卑的主奴关系,一方为主,另一方为辅,这都不是人与自然的本真关系。马克思自然观的核心思想是人与自然是一个本质统一的整体,不可分割,这内在地蕴涵着人与自然拥有平等的价值地位。同时,人与自然也拥有平等的权利义务并公平交换其权利义务;人必然要消费自然资源.也必须供养环境;自然承担着养育人类的义务,也享有被人类保护的权利。