环境矿物材料在微污染水处理中的应用前景

自来水厂传统工艺对水中微量有机物没有明显的去除效果，常规净化工艺也很难去除重金属离子和氨氮等涪染物。环境矿物材料具有来源广泛和良好的使用性能、无生态副作用等特点，对微污染水具有较好的处理效果。本文论述了沸石和磷灰石对污染物的去除机理，探讨了基于环境矿物材料的人工快滤系统在净化微污染水中的应用前景。     

柄海鞘中矿物元素含量分析

采用微波消解—火焰原子吸收分光光度法对烟台海域柄海鞘中Mg,Fe,Ca,Mn,Zn,Co,Cu,Ni,Pb,Cr,Cd共11种矿物元素的含量进行了测定。方法的相对标准偏差为0.07%～2.85%,回收率95%～103%。柄海鞘的外背囊和内囊中含有人体必需的矿物元素Cu,Zn,Fe,Mn,Co,Ni,Cr,Ca,Mg和少量的有害元素Cd和Pb,它们的含量顺序依次为:Mg>Mn>Fe>Ni>Ca>Zn>Cu>Cr>Pb>Co>Cd。大规格的海鞘中的各种矿物元素含量均高于中、小规格的海鞘。各种元素在外被囊中的含量要高于内囊。     

扬子型铜矿床矿物稀土元素地球化学

本文较系统研究了扬子型铜矿床中有代表性的菱铁矿、胶黄铁矿、黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿、磁铁矿、黄铜矿及部分脉石矿物的稀土元素组成及特征，总结了展状矿石中和矽卡岩矿石中矿物稀土元素组成的特点及二者之间存在的明显差别，从一个方面探索扬子型铜矿床的成因。     

富铁酸性硫酸盐体系施氏矿物附着包裹硫杆菌的Fe2+氧化能力研究

探究富铁酸性硫酸盐体系次生铁矿物附着包裹硫杆菌的Fe~(2+)氧化活性,对揭示次生铁矿物调控酸性矿山废水形成过程具有指导意义.本研究首先采用摇瓶实验合成次生铁矿物—施氏矿物,然后将脱水后的0.1、0.2、0.3及0.4 g施氏矿物直接或溶解后加入到pH为2.50的富铁酸性硫酸盐体系(改进型9K液体培养基)中进行Fe~(2+)氧化,分析体系pH、Fe~(2+)氧化率、次生铁矿物产生量等相关指标.研究表明,氧化亚铁硫杆菌在脱水施氏矿物的附着包裹量为2×10~8cells·g~(-1).0.1、0.2、0.3及0.4 g施氏矿物直接加入体系经过108 h培养,pH分别下降至2.28、2.25、2.24及2.22;Fe~(2+)氧化速率随着施氏矿物加入量的增加而增加,且各体系Fe~(2+)氧化率在108 h均达到100%,此时次生铁矿物产生量分别是3.05、3.30、3.61与3.70 g·L~(-1).然而,0.1、0.2、0.3及0.4 g施氏矿物溶解后进入的相应体系经过108 h培养后,pH分别下降至2.19、2.18、2.10及2.02;Fe~(2+)氧化速率随着施氏矿物溶解量的增加而增加,各体系Fe~(2+)氧化率在96 h均达到100%,各体系次生铁矿物在108 h时的产生量分别是6.16、6.44、6.76与7.89 g·L~(-1).可见,施氏矿物对硫杆菌的吸附包裹作用致使体系Fe~(2+)氧化效率降低,次生铁矿物合成量减少,酸化程度减弱.     

山东烟台金斗山金矿非金属矿物成因矿物学研究

对产于烟台金斗山金矿内的贯通性非金属矿物石英及碳酸盐类的化学成分、晶体习性、流体包裹体和天然热发光特征做了研究 ,结果表明 ,矿床的主成矿阶段的环境介质为酸性偏中性 ,富矿和贫矿石英的热发光曲线均为双峰型 ,但峰点温度、总积分强度有显著差异。碳酸盐类矿物的总体演化趋势为从富镁铁向富钙方向演化 ,碳酸盐热发光曲线的峰型和积分强度是判别成矿期和非成矿期碳酸盐的可信参数。     

Effects of seed aerosols on the growth of secondary organic aerosols from the photooxidation of toluene

Hydroxyl radical （.OH）-initiated photooxidation reaction of toluene was carried out in a self-made smog chamber. Four individual seed aerosols such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, sodium silicate and calcium chloride, were introduced into the chamber to assess their influence on the growth of secondary organic aerosols （SOA）. It was found that the low concentration of seed aerosols might lead to high concentration of SOA particles. Seed aerosols would promote rates of SOA formation at the start of the reaction and inhibit its formation rate with prolonging the reaction time. In the case of ca. 9000 pt/cm^3 seed aerosol load, the addition of sodium silicate induced a same effect on the SOA formation as ammonium nitrate. The influence of the four individual seed aerosols on the generation of SOA decreased in the order of calcium chloride〉sodium silicate and ammonium nitrate〉ammonium sulfate.     

畜禽粪便污染负荷及风险评估——以杭州市为例

针对规模化畜禽养殖业发达地区畜禽粪便引发的重金属和可溶性盐污染负荷重等问题,以杭州市为例,分析了杭州市各区县由畜禽粪便引起的氮、磷污染负荷.同时,通过空间分析与基于土壤盐分和重金属累积模型的模拟预警分析,评估了畜禽粪便农用过程中对温室土壤次生盐渍化和重金属累积的潜在影响.结果表明,杭州市畜禽粪便氮磷污染负荷分布不均,以...     

Improved source assessment of Si, Al and related mineral components to PM10 based on a daily sampling procedure

Samples obtained from an industrialized valley in the East Alpine region were collected daily for a half year and analyzed using X-ray fluorescence to examine the elements Si,Al,Fe,Ca,Mg,Na,K,Zn,P,S and Cl.Some factors affecting the changes of these elements were considered,including time,elemental correlations,weekday,weekend and seasonal changes.Diagnostic analysis provided an insight into a decoupling behavior that occursin siliceous and carbonates minerals.A decrease in Si and Al and an increase in carbonates,Na,K,Zn and P were observed during the cold season.However,a consistently high correlation of Si and Al was observed in all seasons.It was established that such high levels originated from street surface abrasion.The increase in variability and absolute levels of carbonates during the cold season was demonstrated by adding carbonates to the street surface as gritting material to increase the grip on snowy surfaces.A marked increase in Na and Cl was observed in winter which may have been caused by thaw salt that is widely used in winter in Austria.This was associated with a significant increase in K,Zn,and P in the cold season that was the result of domestic space heating with wood.PM10 levels in December were 12 μg/m3 and were higher than levels detected in July.It was established that such high levels originated from mineral oxides,wood smoke,and inorganic ionic material(s).     

北京市大气PM2.5中矿物成分的污染特征

为了解北京市大气细粒子中矿物成分的浓度水平和污染特征,在清华园和车公庄进行了连续1a的PM_2.5累积周采样和全样品分析.Al、Si、Ca、Mg和Fe等地壳元素的周变化相似,最大周均浓度均出现在春季有强沙尘天气的一周;其季节变化显著,显示季节性的源排放以及气象条件对矿物成分的含量影响显著.土壤尘的季节平均浓度从夏季逐步上升,至次年春季达到最高(21.1 μg·m^-3),表明春季频繁发生的沙尘天气对土壤尘细粒子有重要贡献.大量的建筑活动可能大大增加了北京细粒子中Ca的负荷,应加强其排放控制.     

富里酸对A. ferrooxidans活性和次生铁矿物形成的影响

为揭示富里酸对嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌活性和生物合成次生铁矿物的影响，进而为酸性矿山废水治理提供理论依据，采用摇瓶试验，分析了pH、氧化还原电位(ORP)、Fe²⁺氧化率、Fe²⁺氧化速率、总Fe沉淀率以及次生矿物矿相等相关指标的变化情况.结果表明，在含9K液体培养基以及K⁺浓度均为53.3 mmol·L^-1体系中，pH与ORP变化呈相反的趋势；富里酸浓度低于0.4 g·L^-1时，有利于次生铁矿物的生成，表明低浓度的富里酸能够提高A. ferrooxidans的活性，富里酸浓度高于0.6 g·L^-1时，Fe²⁺氧化率、总铁沉淀率低于对照组，表明高浓度的富里酸对A. ferrooxidans产生显著的毒害作用以及降低总Fe沉淀率.随着富里酸浓度的提高，次生铁矿物的主衍射峰位置以及所含官能团与对照组相比无明显区别，各体系产生的次生铁矿物为纯净的黄钾铁矾；进行无9K培养基实验：未添加K⁺时，FA-0.4 g·L^-...