半空间中圆柱形夹塞物对入射平面SV波的散射解析解

采用Fourier-Bessel波函数展开法,给出了半空间中地下夹塞物对平面SV波的散射解析解。借助大圆弧面近似模拟水平地表,由连续性边界条件和自由地表条件建立方程求解。通过参数分析,讨论了夹塞物本身及入射波特性对地表位移的影响规律。研究表明:夹塞物附近地表位移放大效应显著,地表位移对入射SV波频率和角度的变化比较敏感。当埋深较深时,夹塞物的散射效应可以忽略。     

用二氧化氯降解废水中的苯胺类化合物（2）──降解机理的探讨

本文在上文（１）的基础上，进一步研究了经二氧化氯处理前后ＢＯＤ＿５／ＣＯＤ的变化规律，其比值大于或接近０．３．其降解产物有醌及醌的氧化产物和ＮＨＩ．对苯胺及二氧化氯来说其．反应级数为１，整个反应为二级反应．     

Effects of bio-organic fertilizers on pineapple heart rot and bacterial community structure北大核心CSCD

Heart rot is a common soil-borne disease in the pineapple industry, but the situation can be alleviated by the application of bio-fertilizers with beneficial microbiomes. Clarifying the controlling mechanism of bio-organic fertilizer on the high incidence of heart rot is critical in monocultural pineapple cropping patterns. In our study, the soil of continuous cropping pineapple orchards was collected. Three types of carriers (rapeseed cake, peat soil, and coconut bran), biocontrol strains (Bacillus subtilis HL2 and Streptomyces strain HL3), and organic fertilizer (YJ) were composted into different bio-fertilizers (KC, KN, KY, LC, LN, and LY), which were used in pot experiments. The controlling effect of the bio-fertilizer was determined based on the response of pineapple heart rot and bacterial communities to different fertilizing methods. Our results revealed that the incidence of heart rot in bio-fertilizer KC was the lowest, which decreased by 20% and 13.3%, respectively, compared to HF (chemical fertilizer, 16-16-16) and YJ (organic fertilizer). The richness and diversity of soil bacterial communities in all biofertilized treatments (KC, KN, KY, LC, LN, and LY) were significantly higher than those in HF. However, the α-diversity indices of the bio-fertilizers (KC, KN, and KY) were higher than those of LC, LN, and LY, and the bacterial community composition was significantly different. The bacteria GP4, GP6, Bacillus, and Azohydromonas were enriched in KC, KN, and KY, while the relative abundance of Streptomyces increased significantly in LC, LN, and LY. Furthermore, Spearman correlation analysis showed that the relative abundance of these bacterial groups was significantly negatively correlated with the incidence of pineapple heart rot. In summary, the application of bio-organic fertilizers can decrease the incidence of pineapple heart rot by altering the soil bacterial community structure and stimulating beneficial soil microorganisms, which is important for reconstructing the ecological balance in continuous pineapple orchards. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.     

一株选择性降解木质素菌的筛选及其对玉米秸秆的降解

以玉米秸秆为基质,对15株白腐真菌进行了初步筛选,从中获得一株选择性系数较高的菌株Y10,经ITS-5.8SrDNA序列分析,初步鉴定为Cerrena sp.,并研究了该菌在30 d培养期内降解玉米秸秆中木质纤维素的情况.结果表明,菌株Y10对玉米秸秆中木质素和半纤维素的降解速率明显高于纤维素;在30 d的培养过程中,该菌对玉米秸秆降解的选择性系数都大于1,d 15选择性系数最高为3.88.紫外光谱和红外光谱分析结果表明,经菌株Y10降解后玉米秸秆的化学成分发生了变化,且对木质素的降解程度要大于对纤维素的降解程度.图4表3参17     

白腐真菌-活性污泥联合处理棉浆黑液的研究

棉浆黑液是一类较难处理的工业有机废水,其中含有大量木质素,木质素不仅是化纤工业废水中主要污染物,而且也是造纸工业的副产物,由于得不到充分利用,变成环境污染物,严重污染了环境.因此,迫切需要一种高效低成本的处理方法来解决这一问题.为了有效处理化纤厂棉浆黑液,采用以白腐真菌糙皮侧耳(Pleutrotus ostreatus)B1为降解菌的鼓泡塔反应器与活性污泥法联合处理棉浆黑液,初步摸索可行的处理工艺并确定相关参数.棉浆黑液经鼓泡塔反应器预处理、活性污泥法后处理,废水COD去除率为94%～97%,出水COD低于国家污水三级排放标准(1 000 mg·L-1).将白腐真菌糙皮侧耳B1投加到活性污泥中,逐渐增加进水负荷,COD去除率为55%～83%,明显好于活性污泥单独处理工艺.实验结果表明了白腐真菌.活性污泥联合处理棉浆黑液是可行的.     

毛毯印染废水处理技术研究

本文采用投菌水解(酸化)--接触氯化法处理毛毯印染废水.试验表明该工艺流程简单,处理效果好,出水水质稳定.当进水CODc在480～750mg/L范围变化时,出水CODDc稳定在100mg/L以下.其中,水解池对色度有较好的去除效果,同时可提高后续接触氧化池的处理效率;而CODc的去除则主要在接触氧化池进行.     

环境监测中化学需氧量测定后的残液处理

本文针对化学需氧量分析后的残液,通过多年的分析研究及实践,从减少污染、获得经济效益和简单易行三个方面着手,论述了CODcr分析后残液的处理方法,使其避免了对环境的污染,同时也取得一定的经济效益.     

白腐菌应用于堆肥处理含木质素废物的研究

白腐菌对木质素具有较强的降解能力。通过在含大量木质素的模拟垃圾堆肥中采取添加白腐菌菌剂与不添加该菌剂2组实验对比,在相同堆肥处理条件下,接种菌剂的堆肥中木质素总量由274988mg降至15438mg,降解率达4386%,远高于未接种菌剂的堆肥中木质素的降解率,表明白腐菌可有效用于含木质素废弃物的堆肥处理,并有望于加速堆肥腐熟,提高堆肥效率。     

构建新时期环保战略

4月22日,中华环保联合会成立大会暨首届环境与发展中国论坛在北京举行。国务院副总理曾培炎,国家环保总局局长解振华,联合国环境规划署代表,世界自然保护同盟代表,全国人大常委会副委员长顾秀莲,全国政协副主席周铁农、张榕明等出席了会议。会上,国家环保总局局长解振华发表了题为“中国环境形势及未来十五年环境战略”的讲话,并就“十一五”期间的环境保护工作提出一些战略设想。本刊在此全文发表讲话内容,以期指导我国新时期的环境保护工作。     

利用白腐菌处理含硝基苯类化工废水的研究

采用正交实验法,通过生化反应动力学分析,利用白腐菌对硝基苯类化工废水进行了好氧生化降解实验研究.在常温(25 ℃),pH值为7,进水COD_Cr为2 000 mg/L,硝基苯类进水质量浓度为100 mg/L,停留时间为60 h的条件下,COD_Cr降解率达到99%.对白腐菌降解硝基苯类废水的动力学分析,结果证明了其生化反应为一级动力学反应.