电捕集法消除空气中的氚

本文研究了一种净化空气中氚的新方法，我们用四水合磷酸轴酰氢（Hup)作消氚剂，在外加直流电场的作用下，直接消除潮湿空气中的氚，用不同面积的消氚圆片，在静态，常温，常压下，外加4－7伏直流电场，50小时左右，可使2．2升含氚空气中氚的净化率超过90％，空气中氚含量为0．2－10ppm，含水量为3000－12000ppm，我们用液闪测量了消氚后圆片中氚的含量，其结果与用电离室所测的结果一致。     

氯氟烃替代物的开发研究进展

重点介绍了近年来国内外对氯氟烃替代物的研究开发动向，并简要地介绍了主要替代物的性能及应用情况。     

氯内氢含量超标引爆炸

2003年6月3日,某厂电解车间氯气系统发生爆炸,造成氯气进口部分管道、氯气水封和水雾捕集器等不同程度的损坏,停产28小时。事故经过6月3日5日寸10分,电解车间检修,于     

定氢仪在环境试验中的应用

本文叙述了定氢仪的测氢原理、结构、特点及定氢仪在环境试验中的用途。     

Plasma induced degradation of Indigo Carmine by bipolar pulsed dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) in the water-air mixture

Degradation of the Indigo Carmine (IC) by the bipolar pulsed DBD in water-air mixture was studied. Effects of vadous parameters such as gas flow rate, solution conductivity, pulse repetitive rate and ect., on color removal efficiency of dying wastewater were investigated. Concentrations of gas phase O3 and aqueous phase H2O2 under various conditions were measured. Experimental results showed that air bubbling facil~tates the breakdown of water and promotes generation of chemically active species. Color removal efficiency of IC solution can be greatly improved by the air aeration under various solution conductivities. Decolorization efficiency increases with the increase of the gas flow rate, and decreases with the increase of the initial solution conductivity. A higher pulse repetitive rate and a larger pulse capacitor Cp are favorable for the decolorization process. Ozone and hydrogen peroxide formed decreases with the increase of initial solution conductivity. In addition, preliminary analysis of the decolorization mechanisms is given.     

Supercritical gasification for the treatment of o-cresol wastewater

The supercritical water gasification of phenolic wastewater without oxidant was performed to degrade pollutants and produce hydrogen-enriched gases. The simulated o-cresol wastewater was gasified at 440-650℃ and 27.6 MPa in a continuous Inconel 625 reactor with the residence time of 0.42-1.25 min. The influence of the reaction temperature, residence time, pressure, catalyst, oxidant and the pollutant concentration on the gasification efficiency was investigated. Higher temperature and longer residence time enhanced the o-cresol gasification. The TOC removal rate and hydrogen gasification rate were 90.6% and 194.6%, respectively, at the temperature of 650℃ and the residence time of 0.83 min. The product gas was mainly composed of H2, CO2, CFL and CO, among which the total molar percentage of H2 and CFL was higher than 50%. The gasification efficiency decreased with the pollutant concentration increasing. Both the catalyst and oxidant could accelerate the hydrocarbon gasification at a lower reaction temperature, in which the catalyst promoted H2 production and the oxidant enhanced CO2 generation. The intermediates of liquid effluents were analyzed and phenol was found to be the main composition. The results indicate that the supercritical gasification is a promising way for the treatment of hazardous organic wastewater.     

异戊二烯与O3反应体系中有机氢过氧化物和H2O2的产率研究

用双通道Ｈ２Ｏ２分析系统研究了室温条件下异戊二烯与Ｏ３气相暗反应体系中机氢过氧化物和Ｈ２Ｏ２的产率,３次实验测得有机氢过氧化物的产率分别为３．８％和４．３％和３．９％,平均为４．０％;Ｈ２Ｏ２的产率分别为２．２％、１．６％和１．８％,平均为１．９％,探讨了异茂二烯与Ｏ３反应体系中有机氢过氧化物和Ｈ２Ｏ２的生成机理。     

具有挑战性的环境问题和对策

1989年在美国101届国会期间,美国资源研究所所长(Tames Gmrtave Speth)给美国布什总统的报告以及1989年2月21～23日在印度首都新德里,由TATA能源研究所和美国麻省Woods Hole:Woods Hole研究中心组织,并得到联合国环境规划署和美国华盛顿世界能源研究所的赞助召开的一     

单室双阳极微生物电解池利用氢发酵废水产氢

为提高微生物电解池(MEC)利用氢发酵废水产氢速率,以丁酸为底物在微生物燃料电池(MFC)中驯化富集阳极产电微生物,采用单室双阳极MEC处理玉米秸秆的氢发酵废水,通过对关键过程参数的优化,实现氢发酵废水高效产氢。结果表明,当外加电压为0.8 V时,产氢速率和玉米秸秆氢发酵废水中COD的去除率分别达到(5.31±0.13)m~3·(m~3·d)~(-1)和(58±2)%。其中,乙酸、丁酸、丙酸、乙醇的去除率分别达到(95±2)%、(76.2±0.8)%、(93±3)%、(98±1)%。与单室单阳极MEC相比,单室双阳极MEC利用玉米秸秆氢发酵废水进行深度产氢的速率提高了1.22倍。此外,MEC生物阳极驯化方式对MEC利用玉米秸秆氢发酵废水产氢具有重要影响。与利用乙酸为底物驯化富集的生物阳极相比,以丁酸为底物驯化富集的生物阳极去除COD的能力和MEC产氢速率都有提高。     

电极生物膜耦合硫自养强化型人工快渗系统脱氮性能

由于人工快渗(CRI)系统对TN去除率较低,该技术在污水处理领域的应用受到限制。为提高TN去除率,将电极生物膜和硫自养反硝化技术耦合应用于CRI系统,考察了"异养+氢自养+硫自养"反硝化脱氮的可行性,并通过菌群结构解析了电极生物膜耦合硫自养强化脱氮的机理。结果表明,电极生物膜耦合硫自养强化型CRI系统在电流强度为15mA时,TN平均去除率可达73.0%,相比传统CRI系统提高了48.0百分点。从稳定运行的电极生物膜耦合硫自养强化型CRI系统反硝化区共检测出231个已知菌属,其中具有硫自养反硝化功能的产硫酸杆菌属(Thiobacillus)和具有氢自养反硝化功能的噬氢菌属(Hydrogenophaga)相对丰度较高,分别为35.9%、15.7%。硫自养反硝化、氢自养反硝化和异养反硝化的共同作用促进了CRI系统脱氮性能的提高。