Effects of bicarbonate and cathode potential on hydrogen production in a biocathode electrolysis cell

A biocathode with microbial catalyst in place of a noble metal was successfully developed for hydrogen evolution in a microbial electrolysis cell （MEC）. The strategy for fast biocathode cultivation was demonstrated. An exoelectrogenic reaction was initially extended with an H2-full atmosphere to enrich Ha-utilizing bacteria in a MEC bioanode. This bioanode was then inversely polarized with an applied voltage in a half-cell to enrich the hydrogen-evolving biocathode. The electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction （HER） kinetics of the biocathode MEC could be enhanced by increasing the bicarbonate buffer concentration from 0.05 mol·L-1 to 0.5 mol· L-1 and/or by decreasing the cathode potential from -0.9 V to - 1.3 V vs. a saturated calomel electrode （SCE）. Within the tested potential region in this study, the HER rate of the biocathode MEC was primarily influenced by the microbial catalytic capability. In addition, increasing bicarbonate concentration enhances the electric migration rate of proton carriers. As a consequence, more mass H＋ can be released to accelerate the biocathode-catalyzed HER rate. A hydrogen production rate of 8.44 m3. m 3. d1 with a current density of 951.6 A. m-3 was obtained using the biocathode MEC under a cathode potential of - 1.3 V vs. SCE and 0.4 mol· L-1 bicarbonate. This study provided information on the optimization of hydrogen production in biocathode MEC and expanded the practical applications thereof.     

Using crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol polymer membrane as a separator in the microbial fuel cell

Separator between anode and cathode is an essential part of the microbial fuel cell （MFC） and its property could significantly influence the system perfor- mance. In this study we used polyvinyl alcohol （PVA） polymer membrane crosslinked with sulfosuccinic acid （SSA） as a new separator for the MFC. The highest power density of 7594-4 mW-m-2 was obtained when MFC using the PVA membrane crosslinked with 15% of SSA due to its desirable proton conductivity （5.16 x 10-2 S.cml）. The power density significantly increased to 11064- 30 mW.m-2 with a separator-electrode-assembly config- uration, which was comparable with glass fiber （11704- 46 mW.m-2）. The coulombic efficiencies of the MFCs with crosslinked PVA membranes ranged from 36.3% to 45.7% at a fix external resistance of lO00f2. The crosslinked PVA membrane could be a promising alter- native to separator materials for constructing practical MFC system.     

植物体超氧阴离子自由基不同检测方法的比较

应用顺磁共振波谱仪(EPR)自旋捕获法、羟胺氧化法、二氢乙锭(DHE)荧光探针和硝基四氮唑蓝(NBT)原位显色法,分别检测了暴露于梯度镉(Cd)溶液2 d后的水稻幼苗根叶组织超氧阴离子自由基(O.-2)的变化水平.结果表明,0—60 mg.L-1Cd诱导了O2.-随着Cd剂量的增加而升高,高于此剂量范围则呈现下降趋势.4种方法的检测结果基本一致,但前两种方法更适用于定量O2.-的生成水平,而后两种显色方法仅能反映O2.-的变化趋势,难以精确定量.因此,可以选择性地应用4种方法揭示暴露于污染物的植物组织O2.-的响应水平.     

饮用水中二级胺的气相色谱快速检测方法研究

以二甲胺、二乙胺、甲乙胺、吗啉和N-甲基苄胺5种二级胺代表物质为例,分别使用气相色谱-氢火焰(GC-FID)技术和气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)技术检测饮用水中二级胺质量浓度。结果表明,使用优化的预处理方法处理后进样分析,5种代表物质的线性范围在20~2 000μg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)≤0.46%,最低检出限在3.18~24.19μg/L。FID比MSD具有较强优势。该方法对于直链脂肪类和杂环类的二级胺都有良好的检测效果,可用于对饮用水二级胺类物质的检测。     

老公啊,你慢些开

看了《人车路》杂志的《老婆开车》后,当即就想写篇《老公开车》以解我老公开车后心头之郁闷。当然,俺也并非指天下所有老公,仅对俺家爷们而言。老公和我学车年代差不多,但他有公车代步,实际操练远非能和俺相提并论。老公在我开了七八年后,才实际上路的。只是,身为新手的他从来没有新手的意识,开起车来快得让人心惊肉跳,回回如被吸血鬼追逃,于是,俺们新老司机之间的斗争就开始了。     

盐酸罐体车洒漏原因确定分析

盐酸异地运送多采用碳钢外壳、内衬防腐层的罐体车。根据罐体车内部衬里断裂,外壳底部洒漏盐酸的事实,分析了其内部衬里断裂的各种可能原因。通过聚乙烯(PE)加工冷却收缩、受温度影响收缩等理论计算及内应力实验检测,并经综合分析,确定了罐体盐酸洒漏的原因。由于罐体较长,加工中未对聚乙烯熔体冷凝时产生的内应力进行有效消除,外加使用时温度因素,内衬与外壳分离,并且间隙过大,车体行进中,内衬承受不了强劲的液体盐酸冲击而断裂,盐酸从衬里裂缝进入夹层中,腐蚀碳钢外壳,导致盐酸洒漏。     

细心巡检排除重大事故隐患

1月26日上午9点,齐鲁石化公司烯烃厂芳烃车间加氢四班班长宋聚慎在现场进行例行巡回,检查装置运行状况.当宋聚慎走到芳烃装置加氢单元一个反应器的循环氢系统附近时,闻到一股刺鼻的气味,强烈的责任心促使他走上前去看个究竟.经过反复仔细查看,宋聚慎发现是换热器出口管线上的双金属温度计套管处法兰出现了裂缝.     

摩托车托起的国家

在越南城内的大街上,或是在城外的公路上,小轿车是极少的,大巴、中巴、出租车也不多见。市内有小而简陋之极的公共汽车站台,但很少看到有人在那等车。这里的人们有自己的交通工具,有自己所青睐的摩托车。     

秸秆的不同预处理方法对发酵产氢的影响

比较研究了化学预处理、生物预处理以及化学与生物结合预处理方法对秸秆发酵产氢的影响.结果表明,预处理可以将秸秆中相当一部分纤维素和半纤维素水解生成还原糖,其中1%H2SO4对秸秆的水解效果最好,50 g秸秆水解可产生16.05 g还原糖;经过NaOH和生物结合预处理后的秸秆发酵产氢效果最好,其产氢能力为21.04 mL g-1,是未经预处理秸秆的75倍;最高氢气浓度为57.3%,是未经预处理秸秆的96倍;其产氢的最适pH为4.5～6.0,最佳底物浓度为45～55 g L-1;其发酵过程中的挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs)以乙酸和丁酸为主.图4表4参15     

MFC 利用植物秸秆产电特性研究

探讨了不同浓度葡萄糖和秸秆水解产物共基质溶液对电能的输出影响,并检测了产电微生物的种类。随着阳极底物质量浓度（50,500,1000,1500,2000,2500 mg／L ）的升高,电池的最大开路电压依次为725,1286,1273,1318,1165,1280 mV。当质量浓度为1500 mg／L时,电池产电性能最高,其最大输出功率密度为363．38 mW／m2,内阻为191．68Ω,COD去除效率为82．8％,库伦效率为18．83％。利用16SrDNA技术分析了微生物燃料电池的菌群结构,结果显示,阳极主要产电微生物为铜绿假单胞菌和枯草芽孢杆菌。